IPSS Theses and Dissertations

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Browsing IPSS Theses and Dissertations by Author "Ahmed Hassen (PhD)"

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    Addressing the Moyale Conflicts in Southern Ethiopia: Challenges and Prospects
    (Addis Ababa University,, 2016-06) Melkamu Sintayehu; Ahmed Hassen (PhD)
    The theme of this study is concerned with addressing the conflicts of the Moyale town in southern Ethiopia. There has been conflicts in Moyale and its environs since early times. However, the nature of the conflict has changed in recent decades, both in its actual subject-matter and in the form of its expression. The conflicts were obviously not the usual fights between pastoral communities over pasture, water source or cattle raid. As a result, the study is aimed at identifying the actors, the factors and the interplay between different dimensions of the Moyale conflicts. Qualitative case study method and descriptive design were used to this end. The analysis is also framed using theories of ethnicity and ethnic mobilizations. The finding indicates that the conflicts in Moyale and its environs shaped and re-shaped by historic and ongoing socio-economic and political developments. The Borana, the Garri and the Gabra found to be parties in conflict while other actors such as the OLF, Al-Shabab, Business Men, Community elites, Security forces from both the Ethiopian and the Kenyan sides involved in the conflicts of the area. The factors of the conflicts also includes Land Ownership and Blurred Frontier Demarcations, Politicized Ethnicity and Elite Mobilization, the Location of Moyale and Unenforceable Citizenship Rights. The efforts of achieving lasting peace held back due to the Socio-economic and Political developments, focus on the Immediate factors of the conflict, the Proliferation of Small Arms, Lack of commitment from Local Elites and the Regional Dimension of the conflicts. At the same time, the recent measures of the government upon local elites, the mental set-up of the community for peace, increased dependency on legal instruments and joint planning and execution of social services found to be windows of opportunities in dealing with the conflicts of the area. In general, the study concludes that the conflicts in the town of Moyale and its environs are the result of a number of actors and factors. And also have a peculiar features which cannot be addressed in terms of pastoralist conflicts of the region and calls for a shift of focus to a deeper level, beyond the surface factors, where the underlying factors are directly addressed.
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    Assessment of The Au’s Challenge on the Operationalization of the Continental Early Warning System: Internal and External Factors
    (Addis Ababa University,, 2023-06) Gebriala Hilawe; Ahmed Hassen (PhD)
    This thesis entitled “Assessment of the AU‟s challenge on the operationalization of the continental early warning system: internal and external factors” was conducted with the objective to identify internal and external factors that affects the performance of the continental early warning system of the African Union. Early warning systems are necessary for detecting, analyzing, and addressing potential conflicts before they escalate into severe outcome. When used effectively, EWS helps prevent human suffering, reduce economic loss, and enhance the efficiency of humanitarian aid efforts. The African Union's Continental Early Warning System intended to monitor and provide early warnings on potential conflicts in the continent. However, it has been plagued with multiple challenges to its performance over the last two decades; hence the advantage of researches such as this thesis is immense in terms of identifying the factors that challenge the subject and make appropriate recommendations for better performance. To this end, this qualitative explanatory research method used key informants who are experts on the field of Security Studies, Diplomacy and International relations which were identified and purposefully selected to participate in the thesis. The ten participants in this thesis research were subsequently, interviewed or given open ended questionnaires to fill out. In the end, their response analyzed to identify the factors affecting the subject understudy‟s performance, why these factors are persisting over the years and recommendations for better performance were derived from the data. Moreover, prior studies by other researchers, press briefing, journal articles and online sources properly used as part of literature review; and, to make sense of the data. This thesis has further found that despite its significance for the continent, the continental early warning system faced challenge such as early warning and early response gap, lack of proper funding and problematic sources of funding, from AU‟s forms as a Weak and bureaucratic institution, unclear and overlapping responsibilities between the AU and RECs, organizational inefficiencies and recent restructuring. This study has also discovered that the main reasons that these challenges are persisting are lack of proper funding and lack of political will at the African Union. This is something that must be addressed to enhance the effectiveness of the continental early warning system in preventing and managing conflicts.