IPSS Theses and Dissertations
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Browsing IPSS Theses and Dissertations by Author "Adaye, Yonas (PhD)"
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Item Empowering Girls' through Education as a Means of Promoting human Security in Ethiopia: A Case Study of Jewish Distribution Committee (JDC)(Addis Ababa University, 2016-06) Gezahegn, Enani; Adaye, Yonas (PhD)Since the "UN Declaration of the Decade of Women" in 1975, attention and action on women's concerns have steadily increased and education, whether it be the form of consciousness-raising or skills acquisition, was one of the areas women's organizations, government agencies and international donor agencies focused on. The underlying assumption was that if women understood their conditions, knew their rights and learned skills traditionally denied to them, empowerment would follow, which is a means of providing women with human security, i.e. emancipating women from fear and want. Eighteen years have passed and there are different views as to whether such assumptions about increasing access to education and training have resulted in the tilting of the power balance in favor of women. It is against this backdrop that the Jewish Distribution Committee has engaged in a project to empower Ethiopian girls by providing them with financial assistance to pursue higher education so as to bridge the gap inherent in access to higher education prevalent in many African countries. This study therefore analyzes the programme which has seen the empowerment of more than a hundred girls from low, no income or destitute families and links it with human security. This thesis argues that educating such girls is providing them with human security by enabling them physically survive and empowering them to self-sustain. The study found that, the project has contributed to providing the basis for a good number of girls to attain education and subsequently obtained employment, while others are pursuing post graduate education. It found that while some of the beneficiaries have completed their Bachelor’s degrees a very competitive job market in Ethiopia has precluded them from getting jobs leading to frustration. The study concludes that, it’s a worthwhile project and provides valuable lessons for non-governmental organizations implementing gender empowerment programmes in Africa in general and Ethiopia in particular.Item Public and Self-perceptions of the F.D.R.E. Defence Force(Addis Ababa University, 2016-06) Zikarge, Berhane; Adaye, Yonas (PhD)There is a significant perception gap between the public and the Ethiopian Defence Force itself with respect to the attractiveness, prestige and legitimacy of the military institution. This research mainly focused on the views of selected senior preparatory students, their parents, veterans and military personnel. The survey results are analyzed to answer three questions: How do the students, parents and veterans perceive the F.D.R.E. Defence Force and the military profession? How do the Defence and the military personnel view themselves with regard to the image, prestige or attractiveness of the institution and the military profession? What is the perception gap? And what implications does it have for recruitment and retention? The study uses prestige and legitimacy as a conceptual framework of analysis to examine a range of possible factors affecting the perception gap between the students, parents, veterans and the Defence institution. The findings show that low salary, and poor quality of life of military personnel; and lack of support and recognition for the veterans partly explain the declining prestige of the Defence. The overall image which emerges from this very limited case study is that the military profession is not attractive. Moreover, this study also revealed that there is a widely held perception that the Defence Force is not free from partisanship and there is a prevailing perception that the Defence is not representative enough at its officer corps level, which in turn does seem to affect its legitimacy. Mounting evidence was also found that these deficiencies have profound implications for personnel recruitment and retention. However, the Defence institution does not seem to share these perceptions, differing on the depth, and implications of these shortcomings, claiming that the institution still attracts enough recruits, it maintains high standing as regards prestige, and it enjoys solid legitimacy. Finally, the study concludes that there is a wide perception gap between the public and the Defence with regard to the core issues under consideration, except, the apparent consensus on the perception of Defence capabilitItem Resource and Political Conflicts in Gambella Peoples’ National Regional State: The Case of Itang Special Wereda(Addis Ababa University, 2016-06) Tut, Gatwech; Adaye, Yonas (PhD)This thesis assesses the link between political and resource conflicts in post 1991 Itang special wereda of Gambella regional state. Building on qualitative case study approach, data was collected from 16 key informants, two group discussions and one observation. To construct meaning, analytical/interpretative qualitative analysis was adopted supplemented by documents of both published and unpublished, inter alia, thesis, journals, books, manuals, and reports. The study finds out striking interplay between the political and resource conflicts and attributed the underlying sources of the conflicts broadly to political, security and socio-cultural factors. It appears, the federal modus operandi is far from furnishing and harnessing a political culture that facilitate a political game designed to articulate the interest of various groups and build a workable political community. Various groups compete for political power and resources with various narratives of entitlement fomenting disputes. The study reveals inter-ethnic conflict between the Anyuwaa and Nuer, intra-ethnic conflict among the Nuer clans and inter and intra ethnic political conflicts between the Anyuwaa and Nuer as major levels of conflicts. Identity at its various denominations is manifested throughout as main driver of conflict. This is particularly the case given that identity is at the heart of political dispensation and power sharing at various administrative posts. The study also discloses the interface and interplay between the political and resource conflicts. Numerous variables such as the mode of political dispensation, the social structure, resource scarcity, the culture of politics, response mechanisms to conflicts, and decisions at local, regional and national government add to the intricate relation and link throughout the resource and political conflicts in Itang special district. In light of the findings, the study recommends, for enhancement of democratic culture in party politics and meritocratic entitlement basis, promotion of awareness among various stakeholders about the link between political and resource conflicts, strengthening of civil societies, contextual analysis during the implementation of policies and development projects, systematic address to the demographic politics and the security situation along the border, and the deployment of contextual, informed and inclusive conflict resolution approach. Key words: Conflict, political conflict, resource conflict, federalism, Itang