International Relations

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Browsing International Relations by Author "Achiso, Demeke (PhD)"

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    Anti-Human Trafficking Responses in Ethiopia: Legal Frameworks and Local Practices the Case of Saesi’e Tsada-Emba Wereda, Eastern Tigray
    (Addis Ababa University, 2017-05) Zeru, Mehari; Achiso, Demeke (PhD)
    Currently transnational human trafficking is affecting almost all countries of the world and Ethiopia is not an exception. Thousands of Ethiopians are exposed to devastating challenges and multitude atrocities in the deserts, sea routes as well as in destination countries. Though the government of Ethiopia had enacted a comprehensive anti-human trafficking law, ratified a number of international conventions, and has been making counteracting efforts, human trafficking is still increasing in Ethiopia. Hence, this study questions why? And aims to assess the anti-human trafficking legal frameworks and examine the local practices particularly, in Saesi’e Tsada-emba Wereda. In doing so, the study had critically analyzed the major anti-human trafficking laws, proclamations, documents, provisions, policies, manuals and action plans. Then the undergoing anti-human trafficking activities were examined in line with the existing legal frameworks. To obtain the primary data, in-depth interviews were made with purposively selected practitioners and victim returnees. Besides, focus group discussion was made with residents of the study area. Consequently, findings of the study show, the issue of human trafficking is mainly connected to individuals’ desire to migrate illegally as an ‘exit strategy’ from poverty, unemployment and lack of economic opportunities in their local area. Though attempts were made to create awareness, provide loans and prosecute traffickers, these attempts could not reduce the problem. Lack of coordination, capacity, commitment, and appropriate amount of resources are the main reasons behind. In general, it can be concluded that the existing anti-human trafficking legal frameworks are far from a straightforward matter in practice because, the reality is more fragmented at the ground. This study argues that anti-human trafficking responses can be successful if interventions aimed at investing in individuals’ all rounded development. Therefore, addressing the practical vulnerability issues of the potential migrants is central to enhance the impact and efficacy of the undergoing anti-human trafficking responses. Key Words: Anti-human trafficking responses, human Trafficking, illegal migration, legal frameworks, local practices, Saesi‟e Tsada-emba Wereda, Vulnerability
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    Assessing the Impacts of South Sudanese Refugees on the Host Communities of Itang Woreda: A Case Study of Tierkidi Refugee Camp in Gambella Regional State
    (Addis Ababa University, 2016-07) Girma, Endalkachew; Achiso, Demeke (PhD)
    With the core objective of analyzing the relationships between refugees and host communities, this study assesses the economic, socio-cultural and security impacts of South Sudanese refugees on the host communities of Itang special Woreda in Gambella region of Ethiopia. Attempts have also been made to point out the existing impacts of refugees on the host communities. The magnitude of refugee influx in Gambella region in recent years has generated alarm throughout the region. The unprecedented crisis have produced a mixture of humanitarian concern for thousands of people forced into exile and potential threat to the social, economical and political stability of host communities caused by its influxes. The refugees cannot return to their home due to the political instability and this produces diverse economic, socio-cultural and security impacts and potential threats on the host communities of Itang special Woreda. The findings are more emphasized and analyzed qualitatively in light of primary sources gathered by interviewing of informants from refugees, host communities and officials from the camp and field observation. On the other hand, secondary sources were used in order to address the basic objectives of the research. To this end, the study used snowball sampling technique for collecting data from the study area. The refugee population in Gambella is significantly matches the size of the local host community which has brought many impacts on the host communities. The findings of this study indicate that the presence of refugees in the region has both negative and positive impacts. As the findings show, the presence of South Sudanese refugees are having negative environmental, health, sanitation, socio-cultural and security impacts on the host community. On the other hand, economic impacts have been positive such as new job opportunity, small business activity and availability of market for local farmers around the refugee camp. Finally, the study comes up with the conclusion that the negative impacts of refugees are found to be greater than its positive impacts and this put the region in unstable situation, and potential threat for the people of Gambella region of Ethiopia
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    The Role of Development Partners on the Ethiopian Health Sector During Health Sector Development Program Iv Implementation
    (Addis Ababa University, 2017-06) Tolesa, Wubayehu; Achiso, Demeke (PhD)
    The main purpose of this study is to examine the role of foreign aid on health development in Ethiopia during health sector development program IV that has been implemented from 2010/11 to 2014/15. The study focused on the International health compact signed between government of Ethiopia and development partners according to principles of Paris declaration 2005 and Accra Agenda for Action 2008 based on mutual accountability of the signing parties. Purposive sampling was used to collect the relevant data from UNFPA and Ministry of Health (Resource mobilization and utilization office, grant management office, plan policy office and offices of leads programs that were heavily financed by aid during this program implementation). Annual performance reports of health sector development program were used as secondary sources are for data collection. The study result shows that, the main focus areas of health in HSDP IV, those heavily financed by foreign aid, prevention and control of communicable diseases (HIV/AIDS, TB and Malaria), maternal health and child health. Aid has a significant positive impact on health development. However, limiting one fiscal year on utilization of foreign aid resulted in less performance in the sector. In addition complex bureaucracy of procurement and the process of agreement that have been taking long time period for construction are found to be other challenge. Based on the study finding the researcher recommended that government of Ethiopia must increase health per capita income, ministry of health is recommended to build the capacity of the workers through continuous training on how to utilize aid effectively, donors are recommended to contribute their donation through pooled fund mechanism and expand the time limit of using aid from one to two years can make health aid effective and efficient. Keywords: Foreign Aid, Pledged, Disbursement, Health Developmen
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    Socio Economic Impacts of Migration of Ethiopians to the South Africa and its Implications for Ethio Rsa Relations: The Case of Kembata Tembaro and Hadiya Zones
    (Addis Ababa University, 2015-06) Haile, Habte; Achiso, Demeke (PhD)
    In developing countries like Ethiopia, the labor power migration affects the socio- economic development of the people. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the causes and consequences of labor power migration from the Kembata-Tembaro and Hadiya zones to the RSA and its implications for the bilateral relations of Ethio-RSA. To achieve this objective, both quantitative and qualitative methods are employed, and used both primary and secondary sources of information. Primary information was collected mainly from the migrants, students, teachers, Labour and Social Affairs Bureaus, Trade and Industry Bureaus and bank managers from the study area. Besides the representatives from the MoLSA and MoFA were sources of the primary data. The research used as secondary sources relevant literature, documents, statistics, internet sources and books. The data is gathered in four randomly selected woredas (local districts) from the Kembata-Tembaro and Hadiya zones. The tools used to gather the primary information were questionnaires and interview/ FGDs guidelines. A total 475 respondents were selected for survey questionnaire by stratified sampling technique. Moreover, (14) and (32) key informants were selected purposely for interview and FGDs guidelines respectively. Descriptive statistical method was employed to analyze quantitative data by using SPSS whereas the qualitative data was analyzed using description as well as narration to triangulate its validity and reliability with the quantitative data set. The result of the study indicated that labor power migration is dominated by young aged 15-29, single male, at the level of secondary education, at Kembata and Hadiya ethnic groups, and those traders or small entrepreneurs. The Result of the study indicated that lack of job opportunities, family or peer pressure, poverty, unemployment, lack of skill to create jobs, population density with agricultural land scarcity, brokers, and lack of commitment of the local government officials to create jobs are the key push factors of migration. On the other hand, job opportunities, better income, social networks and smugglers at destination country are identified as pull factors of migration. The finding of the study also showed that the flow of remittance, creation of job opportunities, diaspora benefits, better life and poverty reduction are the positive consequences of migration. Whereas, income inequality among the people, dependency on remittance, brain drain, school dropout rates and cultural diffusion are identified as negative consequences of migration in the study area. Regarding the implications of migration for the bilateral relations, the findings of the study indicate that the migration of Ethiopians to the RSA has no formal positive and /or negative implications for the bilateral relations of Ethio-RSA. Thus, based on these findings, recommendations are made. Key terms: Labor power migration, illegal migration, Out-migrants, Return migrants, Non-migrants, Push factors, Pull factors, Causes, Consequences, Implications, Ethiopia, RSA,