Veterinary Clinical Medicine

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http://etd.aau.edu.et/handle/123456789/209

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Browsing Veterinary Clinical Medicine by Author "Alemayehu Lemma"

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    Evaluation and in Vitro Antimicrobial Effect Assessment of Ethyl Pyruvate's Efficacy Against Major Pathogens Associated with Bovine Mastitis
    (Addis Abeba University, 2025) Tseganesh Asefa; Alemayehu Lemma; Bethel Befekadu
    The treatment of bovine mastitis is complex due to its varied etiology and the growing challenge of antimicrobial resistance, which limits the efficacy of conventional antibiotic therapies, particularly in persistent infections or those caused by certain pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus. Ongoing research explores alternative treatments such as plantbased therapies. However, the efficacy and practical application of these alternatives are still under investigation. Cross sectional study was conducted in Bishoftu, Ethiopia, from November 2024 to May 2025. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of ethyl pyruvate (EP) on major pathogens of bovine mastitis and assess them in vitro susceptibility profiles. Bacteria were isolated and identified using selective media and MALDI-TOF MS from 90 milk samples of cows confirmed to have mastitis using CMT and SCC which resulted 59.3% were "strongly positive," 30.5% "distinct positive," and 10.2% "weakly positive," with a statistically significant correlation (p<0.01; r=0.653) with SCC result. Culturing revealed that 65.5% of the samples contained primarily Staphylococcus aureus (28.8%), Escherichia coli (21.1%) and streptococcus agalactiae 6.7%. Sensitivity tests were carried out with different concentration (100%, 75%, 50% and 25%) of ethyl pyruvate with conventional antibiotic disks to see resistance pattern. The antibacterial effects of EP were found to be concentration-dependent. EP75 was the most effective at a 29.82 mm zone of inhibition, while EP25 had the lowest efficacy at 16.89mm. A significant difference was found in susceptibility among bacterial species, with E. coli showing the highest susceptibility at 25.63± 0.53 mm and S. aureus the lowest at 17.65mm. Furthermore, 100% multi-drug-resistant to Tetracycline, Ampicillin, and Amoxicillin showed across all tested species. In vitro analyses indicate EP possesses a significant antimicrobial property against major pathogens of bovine mastitis. Further in vivo investigation is warranted to ascertain its therapeutic efficacy and comprehensive doseresponse studies to establish the optimal dosage regimens and administration routes for ethyl pyruvate practical application in field settings
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    Evaluation of smart Dairy system for enhancing Reproductive herd health management in smallholder farms in Bishoftu town,
    (Addis Abeba University, 2025) Dejene Zegeye; Alemayehu Lemma; Teshale Sori
    The integration of smart dairy farming technologies, encompassing sensors, mobile applications, and data analytics, presents a transformative opportunity for enhancing the productivity, profitability, and sustainability of smallholder dairy farms, particularly in regions like Ethiopia. To evaluate the practical application and impact of a smart dairy system, this study enrolled 30 smallholder farmers managing 519 animals into a virtual “Fertility Control Camp”. Their daily operations were augmented through the experimentation of data acquisition, digital recording via ODK-Collect, data analytics, generation of actionable insights, and a mobile alerting system. From this cohort, 40 cows whose estrus was characterized by CowsVille, dairy farm management software, were randomly selected for monitoring. Estrus detection tools and chemical pregnancy tests provided data that is processed by CowsVille, delivering mobile alerts to farmers. Mean Number Service Conception (NSC), days the last artificial insemination (DALAI), and days last conception (DALC) were 3.12±0.39, 68.23±10.37 days, and 249.07±35.4 days, respectively. The fertility window was identified in all cases (100%), averaging 14.82±0.4 hours, resulting in a FSC rate of 65.8%, significantly higher than the national average. CowsVille integrated with a mobile alert system has proven to be a valuable resource for guiding farmers in making AI-related decisions. Further analysis of 62 cows (38 normal-cycling, 24 repeat-breeding) from the CowsVille database explored estrus detection using physicochemical profiles and Vaginal Electrical Resistance (VER). Conception rates were significantly different (P < 0.05) between normal-cycling (70.6%) and repeat-breeding cows (41.7%). Body weight, insemination time, and VER significantly affected conception rates (P < 0.05), with optimal results at 7-12 hours poststanding estrus (71.43%), and VER of 181-220 Ω (84.21%). Sperm penetration, spinnbarkeit, VER, and crystallization patterns of cervical fluid proved useful in predicting optimal insemination time. The CowsVille system, combining digital recordkeeping, with analytical capabilities and direct farmer feedback, effectively mitigated the limitations in traditional smallholder management, enabling evidence-based decisions.