Veterinary Clinical Medicine

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Browsing Veterinary Clinical Medicine by Author "Ahmed Yasine"

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    Study on Mange Mites of Small Ruminants in Oromia Zone of Amhara Regional Stat: In Vitro and in Vivo Acaricidal Efficacy of Selected Medicinal Plants against Sarcoptes scabiei var. Caprae
    (Addis Ababa University, 2010-04-20) Ahmed Yasine; Bersissa Kumsa
    Study on prevalence of mange mites of small ruminants in Oromia zone of Amhara regional State and in vitro and in vivo acaricidal efficacy of seven medicinal plants against Sarcoptes scabiei var. caprae was carried out from October 2009 to May 2010. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of mange mites in small ruminants and the in vitro and in vivo acaricidal efficacy of seven medicinal plants against Sarcoptes scabiei var. caprae of goats. The present study was performed. using questionnaire survey, clinical and laboratory examination for mange mites, in vitro and in vivo application of plant extracts with positive and negative controls. Of the total 1280 sheep and 1264 goats examined for mange mites 97(7.6%) of sheep and 174(13.8%) of goats were found to be infested with one or more spp of mange mites. Among the mange mite spp identified in sheep, Sarcoptes (3.5%), Demodex (2. I %) and Psoroptes (1.6%), were the major ones. The major mange mite spp identified in goats were Sarcoptes (10.3 %), Demodex (2 .8%) and Psoroptes (0 .6%). In the current study there was no statistically significant (P>0.05) difference in the prevalence of all mite spp among altitudes. Sarcoptes (P=0.03; OR=2.1) and Demodex (OR= 3.25; p=0.004) were significantly higher in youngs than the adult sheep, but significant variation (OR= 0.163; p=0.07) was never observed in the prevalence of Psoroptes spp between young and adult animals. In goats, there was higher prevalence of Sarcopte~ and Ps0.05) significant difference. Demodectic mange was significantly (OR=2.2; P=0.02) higher in youngs (4 .1%) than the adults (2.3%). In sheep •showed •a statistically significantly higher (P0.05) except at 160mg/ml concentration as compared to the reference drugs. Melia azadarachta and Ximenia caffra fixed oils showed comparable acaricidal efficacy in causing mortality of mites at concentrations of higher than 10mg/ml and 20 mg/ml respectively as compared to the reference drugs. Pyrethrull1 cinerariifolillll1 fixed oil showed lower acaricidal efficacy (P<0.05) in all the concentrations of the extract as compared to the reference drugs. For in vivo efficacy evaluation two groups of (six animals each) Sarcoptes scabiei var. caprae infested goats were topically treated two times at 14 days interval with the essential oil of Eucalyptus globulus and Cymbopogon cilractus at a concentration of 0.625% in 2% Tween 80 and compared with non treated and treated (diazinone and ivermectin) controls of six goats in each group. The treatment of goats with the essential oils cured all infested goats. Statistically significant (p>0.05) difference was never observed in mite count, mean recovery response and degree of skin lesion quality between goats treated with plant extracts and those goats in the control groups after a total of 56 experimental days.