Tropical Veterinary Medicine

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Browsing Tropical Veterinary Medicine by Author "Ashenafi, Hagos"

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    Serological and Epasitologlcal Survey of Dourilne (Trypallosoma Equiperdum) in Selelected Sites of Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 2000-06) Ashenafi, Hagos; Abebe, Professr Getachew
    The present stud} wa~ conducted rrom August 2004 to Apnl 2005 \\ L1h Iht: ObJccll\e~ IIf dctemumng. the prevalence, extent and d istribution 0 dourine III horses and IO\CSlIgaling occurrence of cllmeal cases 3S well 3S carner st:ltes of donkey .. and mules III the Arst- B:llc Illgh la nd s. At the same time a lon g Ltudmal study was conducted to assess the efficacy of the Isomet::mudlUlll chlonde ( IS MM ) Hnd D lITu nazenc acetumte (I)I~ I ) III Iht treatment of ch mcal c ases of dou rine. An IIlvcs ligalion was also conducted encom pa~Slllg cluesttonmure nnd serological survey o n th e presence of dO Urine in adjacent geograph ic"l areas of the Ar<;I- Ha1c highlands and other sclec ted parts o f the country with lugh equlOe population, The stud) methodol ogy was based on quest io nn:lIrc, serological. climeal and pa rasitologica l surve~, The questionnaire survey indi cated th ai do urine, locally known, as " Lappessa" or " D irr C$s a·· is a major health problem of equ ines in th e Arsi-Bale hi g hlands Though, dourine 1<; a common clinical case th rough Qut th e year, it has a seasonal character. \\ hieh most com monly occur" following Ih t' b reeding !;l' aSOIl from Junc to late Septembe r. SOIllC!ltne~ a <;('coml peak IS observcd III Ihe dl) seasons of the ~ car (Marc h to t>. o r any other haemopara~l1c~ could be detected in all cxanll ned Glemsa stained smears (th in blood. gell ital di sc harge and ti~l;uC fluids) as well as In bl ood samples by mil CT. All th e puppIes Inoc ulated \\lth blood samrk~. gellll.tl wa she s and oed cmalOUS nUids remained parasl1ologicall ) Ilegau\e. Diffe rent ch ara ctcri stic clinical signs o f dourinc were observed in clilllcally ~Ic k horses of both sexes . The prominent clinical signs observed as geni tal fo m) o f the di sease mclude vagmal dl:.chargc mallll~ of mucopurulent type "ilh foul odou r. oedema lind presence of deplgmcn ted ..,cars 0\ (' 1' till' o,:)'lerna l genita lia , oc,icmu o f Ihe <;cro ltlm and prepuce aecomp:llllcd by pn:pucl.:t1 ali \\ell .h urethral d Isch arge and ukl'rallon of the gen ita l m ucosae mlllnl~ nf the- pen tie In hoth "'C\l' ~ . lamencs~ in one or both leg ... panml dr;tgg ln g and slIffnc"s of thl' lund Icg~ and Itlcoordtnilth)n \H·r~· lhc dominant sig n .. nbscrv o.!d , I ~ nervous fo rm of lhe dl ~CIl<;C viii Horses with different ehOlc al signs of doun nl! were categonsed Into one of the followi ng fi\e grou[ls based on th e cl llll cal findin gs Apparc llIl y health y (46 81. non -s pccliic s ign s like ema ciat ion ilnd weakne ss (69); ge nital fonn (30); nervou, fonn 01 [15) and bo th gCTll1ul .lnd nervous forms of th e disease (67). Fifty - four horses with hi gh pCrtenl :l ge [lO !.I U\,II)' fOl the md lrec t anllbody ELI SA and mn eleen horses wllh stron g agglullnall un reactlOTlS having end III fe of 1.32 for both CA l-r and LATEX tes ts be longed to th e liw of th ... dlffeT1:nl dUlleal group~ ChI-sq uare analysIs of the di s tributi on of anImals. claSSIfied liS C) tl Wf POS III\ e llr negative 011 Ihe ba sis ofallthi." three teSt s. in th e clull eal grou ps demon st rat ed a s tat l<;tltally slgm fi cn nt d iffe ren ce between gro ups. with s tratum specific prevalence o f po siuvc amma i<; mc rca!'llllg wit h In crc aslIlg severity of clmieal sign .. (p of I SM~1 and Dl:V1 III selected serologically po slI1\·e cli nical cases of Cou nnl.' 111 A<; as<;a dl !'llTh:l of th e Ar !') hlghl.lIlds A lot.11 of 24 adull 10e:11 horses were divided Inl O ~ group, of cq11al number I' CV k\ cl. eos!l1opllll cou nt , body temperature, se rologi cal sWt u". unrf\)\emcni of the C'I'tlllg clinical !'Ilgn~ Jnd bod) w ndition ~Cl)rc \\ en: moni tored tWIce m 10 d):" 1I1Ienal fClr a penod til 40 dll) ~ rhe res ults IIldu:ated th at mean ]l eV, eosinophil counts and t>"dy Icmperaturl' impw\ ed in bo th J S\ I~I and D I ~I treated group during th e 40 day s pO St tr(';ll meni penod A ~ Ia nsth:,ill ~ sig nifi can t Increase in PCV and body temperature was observed ~1.lrIlIIg frOlll th e day 10 ( P kilO .... n ende mi C fOCI of the ArSI-Ualc hIghlands of I:thIOPI:l ,\llhough thcre wa~ no d,rect detection of T C'qU/f)('rdllfll, there IS 'mong eVidence Ihal dounne IS highly pre\:llclll, mo,t Important problem LIl th e Arsi- llaic hIghlands. whe re the Sllua tlon IS gellmg .... orse \\ Llh the preo;cOI spreading trend to areas previously known as free of the disease. neces,"alC~ urgent nall onal control intrevtion