Archaeology and Heritage Management
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Browsing Archaeology and Heritage Management by Author "Burka, Temesgen(PhD)"
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Item An Archaeological Survey of Islamic Shrines in Jimma Zone, South western Ethiopia(Addis Ababa University, 2012-06) Merga, Seyoum; Burka, Temesgen(PhD)Islamic shrines are a sanctuary devoted to Muslim saints and used for ritual practices. As defined by Braukamper.U (2002), shrine is any man made sanctuary (sometimes associated with natural objects) devoted to a Muslim saint (wali). The custom of venerating saints and visiting their shrines is a common phenomena found in the Muslim world (Ishihara 2009). In Ethiopia, the presences of several shrines are typical proofs of the existence of a deep rooted tradition of venerating saints among the Muslim people. Islamic shrines in Ethiopia are not only a religious place, but are also important depositors of the pre-Islamic cultures of the indigenous communities (Trimingham 1965; Hussein 1994; Braukamper 2002; Kassaye 2009). Hence, Islamic shrines are important heritages used to understand cultural changes and continuities of the past and the present. However, due to the past socio-political and historical marginalization of Islam in Ethiopia, Islamic shrines have been studied very little. The previous researches conducted on Islamic shrines have been geographically and thematically limited. Consequently, shrines in the historically prominent Muslim lands (the five Gibe states) of the present day Jimma zone remained unstudied. Therefore, this paper presents archaeological survey research conducted on the Islamic shrine sites of Jimma zone. The study identified and documented two Islamic shrines namely; shrines of Sadeqiyo and Abba Arabu, located in Sokoru district and around Jimma town respectively. The shrines, being located near the former economic and administrative sites; have great significance to understand the history of Islamic relation with the past political and economic scenario of the area. In addition to this, the pre-Islamic Oromo cultural and ritual traditions are well preserved in the two shrines of Jimma zone. Albeit scholars such as Terje Ostebo (2009) claimed the ‘Islamaization of the pre-Islamic Oromo cultures’, the ritual performances conducted at the shrines of Arabu and Sadeqiyo, clearly indicates the ‘Oromization of Islamic religion’. Moreover, the shrines have actual and potential economic, scholastic, and cultural significances. Despite this fact, the shrines are presently endangered from deliberate anthropogenic actions as well as natural factorsItem An Ethonarchaeological Study of Pottery Production in Tigray: The Case of Saharti Samre and Hintalo Wajirat Districts(Addis Ababa University, 2016-06) Asefa, Tilahun; Burka, Temesgen(PhD)It has been described that little is done on ethnoarchaeological investigation of pottery crafts in Ethiopia. Furthermore, except some attempts made in Hintalo-wajirat, detailed ethnoarchaeological study on pottery production in Saharti-Samre and Hintalo-Wajirat districts of Tigray region has not been conducted so far. Thus, the purpose of this study was to document the over all aspects of pottery production from ethnoarchaeological perspective so as to gain better understanding of pottery in the archaeological record. To achieve this, purposive sampling technique was employed to select both samples of pottery making villages and sample of informants. The data gathered through survey, observation and interview were analyzed qualitatively. Accordingly, the results of this study revealed that clay and sand are the basic elements for pottery making across the selected villages. In the study area pottery production is generally performed through various processes beginning from raw material procurement to paste preparation, forming and shaping, making decoration, drying, polishing and firing. Though some difference and similarities are observable in some of the stated processes among potters of the selected villages, none of these differences reflect variation in ethnicity as all potters of the selected villages belong to the same ethnic group. However, the presence of similarities in some aspects indicates the prevalence of socio-cultural contact among the artisans of the different villages. Since most activities are performed in the compound of the potters, firing pits with debris of ash, fragments of pots and toolkits employed to perform various steps of pottery making could be left in the compound of potters. Furthermore, pots could be broken and discarded outside production areas at market places and households of consumers. Thus, this study suggests that production areas, market places and households of consumers could become sources of archaeological site formation in Saharti-Samre and Hintalo- Wajirat districtsItem Stakeholder Engagement at the National Museum of Ethiopia(Addis Ababa University, 2016-04) Mekonnen, Nigussu; Burka, Temesgen(PhD)The main objective of this study was to investigate the status of stakeholder engagement practice at the “NME”. A renewed interest in stakeholder engagement approaches has been identified, as organizations experience increasing pressures with regard to social accountability and transparency. The subject is of particular interest within the public sector, where involving stakeholder views into decision- making is becoming a crucial part of museum governance strategies. This study engages with very topical subject and aims to explore the value of stakeholder engagement practices in museums. Both qualitative and quantitative research approaches were employed to enhance the completion of this study. The data collection involved 7 in-depth semi-structured interviewees, 216 questionnaire and critical observation. The collected data from questionnaire was incorporated with the interviews for triangulation purposes. The overall data analysis was conducted via a systematic content analysis approach for qualitative data where as the quantitative data was analyzed with a one-way ANOVA. The study’s findings revealed that the “NME’’ must take seriously its stakeholder engagement practice as its core activities and to open its door for all stakeholder groups. In light of this, the main conclusions to be drawn from this study revealed that stakeholder engagement practice plays a vital role at the “NME” enabling it to successfully adapt itself to the current trends of stakeholder engagement approaches. The study adds its own share to the scarce literature regarding stakeholder engagement in the museum sector of the country in general and the “NME” in particular.