Anatomy

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Browsing Anatomy by Author "Abay Mulu"

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    Evaluation of Acute and Subacute Dermal Toxicity of Aerial Part Cymbopogon Nardus Formulation on Hematological, Clinical Chemistry and Histopathology of Skin, Kidneys and Liver of Albino Wistar Rats
    (Addis Ababa University, 2023-10-23) Dagim Tsegaye; Abay Mulu
    Traditional medicine is the culmination of generations of indigenous system of medicine practitioners' therapeutic experiences. Although over 2,000 plants have been identified in Africa and are utilized to cure a wide range of ailments, only few of these plants have had their safety thoroughly investigated. Ethiopians have historically utilized plants as medicine, although little is known about the characteristics and range of these traditional practices. Objective, The aim of this study was to Evaluate of acute and subacute dermal toxicity of aerial part Cymbopogon nardus formulation on hematological, clinical chemistry and histopathology of skin, kidneys and liver of Albino Wistar rats. Methodology, The plant material was harvested about 270 kilometers south of Addis Ababa, in the Wondogenet region surrounding Shashemene town. The Armaeur Hansen Research Institute's (AHRI) traditional and modern medicine research directorate provided the formulation. Essential oil extraction was undertaken by taking the fresh plant material and subjecting it to hydro-distillation for 2 hours. The plant used Clevenger-Arm equipment to carry out the hydro-distillation process. A round-bottom flask weighing 500g of plant material was set on a heating mantle, and the flask was attached to the Clevenger-Arm apparatus after two liters of water were added. The final yield of the oil weighed was 4 ml and the formulation was done with some additives containing 2% of the oil of cymbopogon nardus and 98% of petrolatum stored in refrigerator at 2-8ºC until it is used for the experiment. For acute dermal toxicity test five female rats of age 8-12 week were used , For subacute dermal test 10 animals (5 female and 5 male) with healthy skin were used at each dose level. The females were nulliparous and non-pregnant. Three dose were used, with a control and, petrolatum was used as a vehicle Result, The dermal mean lethal dose LD50 of the C.nardus formulation was found to be above 2000mg/kg but, no mortality sign was observed during the 14 days of study. 28 days dermal application of C.nardus formulation did not produce any toxicity on the behavioral, physical, biological, hematological analytes and gross pathology of the rats at treated dose compared to the control groups. X Conclusion, C. nardus formulation has no dermal toxicity and therefore presents a low toxicological risk. This study concludes that topical application of Rats do not experience systemic toxic responses or acute or subacute negative skin effects from the C. nardus formulation. Key word, Cymbopogon nardus , acute, subacute dermal, sub chronic , toxicity.
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    Prevalence and Associated Factors of TBI Among Trauma Patients Admitted to the Adult Emergency Departments of Three Governmental Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2023-01-23) Agumas Shibabaw; Abay Mulu
    Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is the major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide and commonly occurs in low- and middle-income countries. The occurrence of TBI in the world around 54 million to 60 million people each year. Objectives: To assess the prevalence and associated factors of patients with TBI admitted to the emergency departments of three governmental hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2022. Methods and Materials: The study was conducted in three governmental hospitals at Menelik, Yekatit 12, and Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The study is a hospital-based cross-sectional retrospective by design. A structured questionnaire was prepared to collect data from the medical records of patients at the emergency department. Data was entered into an Open Data Kit (ODK) exported to Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26 for analysis then the findings were presented using a bar graph, a pie chart, and tables. Results: One hundred forty-one trauma patients were studied, of whom 85 (60.3%) were male and 85 (39.7%) females. The median (IQR) age of the patients was 43.3% (25–44) [SD = 1.007, 95% CI]. The prevalence of traumatic brain injuries was 34.6%, with RTA accounting for 40.4% of all head injuries, followed by violence at 32.6%, fall at 17.7%, and 9.2% were others. Alcohol drinkers (AOR = 1.088, 95% CI), khat chewers (AOR = 1.947, 95% CI), labour workers (AOR = 3.633, 95% CI), low-income levels (AOR = 3.686, CI), and medium-income levels (AOR = 2.060, CI) are all significantly associated with traumatic brain injury. The severity of the traumatic brain injury was 46.8% mild, 34.8% moderate, and 18.4% severe. Conclusion: The prevalence of traumatic brain injury was 34.6%. The most common cause of traumatic brain injuries was found to be road traffic accidents. The severity of TBI was mild. Being male, alcohol drinkers, khat chewers, labour workers, those with unable to read and write, having low- and medium-income levels put them at high risk for traumatic brain injury
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    Prevalence and Pattern of Major Limb Amputation and its Associated Factors Among Patients Admitted to Pediatric and Adult Orthopedic Wards at Three Public Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Abeba University, 2023-01) Abdi Uka; Abay Mulu
    Limb Amputation (LA) is a surgical procedure for the removal of a limb which is indicated when limb recovery is impossible. It is one of the oldest surgical procedures with a history of over 2500 years. It is estimated that 1.2 million individuals are living with an amputation; and that 185,000 are performed each year worldwide. In Ethiopia most prior research concerning limb amputation has focused almost exclusively on lower limb amputation and there is little information regarding the prevalence of limb amputation. Objectives: To assess the prevalence, and pattern of limb amputation and its associated factors among patients admitted to pediatric and adult orthopedic wards at three public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020 Methods and Materials: Institutional based cross-sectional retrospective study design had been conducted from September 11, 2020, to August 28, 2022. A serial number on patient registration book from adult and pediatric orthopedic wards of selected hospitals was used to select MRN numbers of patient charts randomly. Data was entered into the Open Data Kit (ODK), a data collection tool’s latest version, and stored on kobo tool. Then the data was exported to SPSS version 26 for statistical analysis. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression tests were done to analyze Factors associated with major limb amputation by considering a statistical significance level of 5%, and 95% confidence interval (CI) Results: During the study period, a total of 3,236 patients underwent surgery and among them medical records of 422 cases were selected from