Food Security Studies

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http://etd.aau.edu.et/handle/123456789/15

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Browsing Food Security Studies by Author "Admasu Shibru (PhD)"

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    Determinants of Technology Adoption in Micro and Small Enterprises and Its Contribution to Food Security the Case of Entoto Cluster Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2022-11) Yishak Abera; Admasu Shibru (PhD)
    The objective of the research is to examine the determinants of technology adoption in micro and small enterprises and its contribution to food security the case of Entoto Cluster Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A multistage sampling procedure was employed to draw 256 sample households from two Woreda and four kebeles. The kebeles were selected in random sampling procedure and within the Entoto cluster Colleges. Sample micro and small enterprise heads were grouped in two strata (adopters and non-adopters). To analyze the data both descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to characterize and analyze technology adoption and food security status of the households. Household food insecurity access scale was employed to examine the food security status of the sample households. The statistical models namely, binary logistic regression and ordered logistic regression were employed to determine factors affecting the technology adoption, to analyze the impact of technology adoption on household food security respectively. The binary probit result revealed that, Education status of micro small enterprise heads, saving access, total annual income and training access of micro small enterprise heads affects the technology adoption positively; while expenditure of firms affected negatively technology adoption. According to the results of ordered logit, technology transfer and adoption has a positive impact on household food security. In terms of household food insecurity access scale, the impact of technology adoption on micro and small enterprise head food security has an effect on the household food security. The study concludes that technological adoption has a significant impact on household food security. Based on the findings of this study, it is suggested that micro small enterprise heads awareness and perceptions be improved by training, as well as interventions that address technology transfer and adoption obstacles.
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    Seed Systems, Adoption, and Impact of Improved Crop Varieties on Household Food Security in Central Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2023-06) Tekeste Kifle; Degefa Tolossa (PhD Professor); Admasu Shibru (PhD); Dawit Alemu (PhD)
    Seed systems encompass a variety of technologies, organizational structures, and market and nonmarket institutions that allow seeds to be accessed and used by smallholder farmers through both formal and informal systems. The role of seed systems in ensuring the food security of smallholder farmers has received little attention, and the factors that influence household food security are seed supply and adoption of certified seeds. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the seed systems, adoption, and impact of improved wheat, teff, and maize varieties on household food security in central Ethiopia. A pragmatism philosophical approach used both quantitative and qualitative data to deliver the best understanding of the research problem and research questions. The primary data was generated from 299 sample respondents selected using systematic random sampling techniques, 25 key informant interviews, and six focus group discussions. Secondary data was also used to supplement the primary data. The data were analyzed using econometric models and descriptive statistics. The logit model, multinomial logit model, and binary probit model were among the econometric models used to analyze the quantitative data. A propensity score matching (PSM) method was also used to estimate the impact of improved variety adoption on household food security. The Household Food Balance Model (HFBM), Household Food Consumption Score (FCS), and Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS), were used to investigate the status of household food security. The qualitative data were analyzed using stakeholder analysis to describe, categorize, narrate, and discuss. The findings revealed that a gap in the seed systems was inadequate certified seeds, inefficient extension service, limited seed distribution and marketing mechanisms, weak linkage among seed actors, low private sector participation, and a lack of a clear seed policy. The findings indicate that farmers have limited access to seeds from formal systems. It implies that about 18% of the households were food secure, 32% mild, 41% moderate, and 9% severely food insecure. The result showed that the mean daily calorie intake was 73% of the MRA. The PSM result revealed that the adoption of improved crop varieties had a significant and positive impact on food availability an average of 414 kcal/ day, a food consumption score of 5.14, and the yield increased by about 9.87 quintals per hectare than the non-adopters. In conclusion, the seed system has encountered numerous constraints that should be investigated further in order to decrease the limits and gaps, all actors’ linkages must be strengthened. The government should prioritize extension services, expanding access to certified seeds, market opportunities, and equipping competent farmers with knowledge. Policymakers and development partners are focusing on providing more effective agricultural services to overcome low adoption rates. In order to address food insecurity and strengthen the resilience of smallholder farmers, seed accessibility and the seed supply chain needed to be improved in the study area.