Food Security Studies

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http://etd.aau.edu.et/handle/123456789/15

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Browsing Food Security Studies by Author "Abebe Haile (PhD)"

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    Assesments of the Contributions and Challenges of School Feeding Nutrition Program in the Government Primary School; the Case of Mekane Hiwot Primary School Yeka Subcity of Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2022-07) Berhanu Getahun; Abebe Haile (PhD)
    Before the first official school feeding was started by Yeenat Weg, there was a fragmented school feeding by individuals, teachers, organizations and non-governmental communities with reduced coverage. The aim of the study was to assess the contributions and challenges of school nutritional content to children's academic performance and the educational focus in school. This study was conducted in the Yeka sub-city of Addis Ababa, which is the Mekane Hiwot elementary school. To conduct this study, an interview with key informants, FGD, was conducted and a questionnaire was distributed to collect the data. Many challenges emerged from the results, such as lack of awareness, especially on the part of the private sector, financial constraints, allocating money to feed a child does not take into account the current market situation, physical capital; unavailability of feed materials, feeding room, power outages, lack of access to water, policy challenges; no clear policy on tax administration and payments for poor cooks, stakeholder participation is insignificant compared to the needs of needy students. In particular, government sponsored SF started spontaneously without adequate planning and preparation. Although there are many threats to stop school feeding, the students are very happy they do not hesitate to stop school feeding.
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    Assessment of Nutritional Status of Under Five Children in Burayu Town, Oromia Special Zone, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2021-09-20) Alemu Tesfaye; Abebe Haile (PhD)
    Background: Under nutrition is decreased subsequently in these two decays but still the major community health problem in the world especially in developing nations like Ethiopia. In Ethiopia child under nutrition is the common most concern of community health problems. In Oromia region malnutrition is serious public health issues as we told above Burayu town is vulnerable to malnutrition there is common cause of under nutrition in the study area. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate the assessment of nutritional status of underfive children in Burayu town to assess the malnutrition problems. Materials and methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was employed to collect data from 202 households in six Kebeles using structured questionnaires. Different characteristics of the households were investigated along with and household food insecurity access scale. The data was entered into Epi info and exported to SPSS.v.25, for descriptive statistics, binary logistic regression and multivariate regression analysis. Anthropometric measurement of children was conducted using WHO anthro v.3.2.2 software to generate Z-scores. Result: The result of multivariate analyses revealed that maternal educational status, father education, monthly income, type of latrine and household food insecurity assessment scale are significant for stunting, Monthly income and private well significantly associated with malnutrition wasting and they‟re not get association with underweight. The findings of this study revealed that the prevalence of stunting of children is 13.86%, wasting 8.91% and underweight 4.95% respectively. Conclusion and recommendation: The Prevalence of stunting and wasting among children aged 6-59 months is relatively lower than national and regional but underweight is lower than national and regional prevalence. Malnutrition puts important burden on under five children in Burayu town. Oromia regional government, Burayu town administration and Burayu Health Institution and local nongovernmental organization should design effective nutritional and household food address on household child with stunting; wasting and underweight is a vital task for the community to reduce malnutrition.
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    Assessment of the Current Status, Challenges and Opportunities for Small & Medium Scale Edible Oil Processors in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2021-11) Masresha Yimer; Abebe Haile (PhD)
    This study was carried out with the objective to review the current policies, regulations and practices, current status in the small and medium enterprises (SME) edible oil sub sector, and identify the challenges as well as opportunities for the SME edible oil processing sub sector in Addis Ababa (A. A.), based on a descriptive research design, & using quantitative and qualitative data, from the SME edible oil processors, key informants, pertinent governmental regulatory and support institutions, & Advocacy groups/Associations, by applying the (input-market) value chain approach. The findings of the study indicated that the demand for edible oils was met predominantly through imported palm and non-palm edible oils and insignificant domestic edible oil supply, and distributed through shemachoch retail outlets and private retail shops, and characterized by serious availability and accessibility challenges for consumers in A. A. The major current policies, regulations & practices, challenges and opportunities across the input-market chain of the SME edible oil sub sector in A. A. were assessed & analyzed. The identified major challenges facing the SME edible oil processors in Addis Ababa included: the significantly weakened current status of the SME edible oil processors; edible oil related policies, regulations and practices biases & resulting market distortions, such as import duty and VAT exempted huge import and distribution of palm edible oil, focus of support towards large scale processing; application of VAT tax system on domestic edible oil supply; limitations of palm edible oil in proper household targeting and existence of distribution malpractices, high export orientation of oilseed crops; regulatory requirement for refining of edible oils; the raw material supply (shortages, quality related problems and rising oilseed crops prices), significantly low capacity utilization, much lower than 50%; significant lack of SME edible oil-dedicated technical training, capacity building and related supports and incentives, as well as processing technology & access to financing & infrastructural challenges, …, resulting in the SME edible oil processors’ marginalization and becoming the ‘missing middle’. The identified opportunities included: increasing population, huge domestic consumer demand, economic growth, well-developed experience in A. A. in SME edible oil processing, marketing and consumption in A. A.; Ethiopia as a major grower, and origin, of some of the oilseed crops & its conducive agro ecological condition for oilseed crops production, and overall government policy and commitment for agriculture and agro processing investments. Finally, the study identified recommendations and strategies for action, including implementing institutions, in order to address the pressing lack of SME edible oil dedicated policy support & incentives, edible oil processing, and food safety and quality management capacity building supports, and a conducive overall business enabling environment to enable SMEs in A. A. to survive and grow, and contribute to sustainably increase edible oil availability in A. A., to ensure accessibility at the household level, and to attain adequate food utilization in edible oils at the individual level in A. A., thereby also contributing to the import substitution effort in the country.
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    Determinants of Dietary Diversity Practices among pregnant women Attending Antenatal Clinic at St. Paul Hospital Millennium medical College, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2022-06-05) Medhin Belay; Abebe Haile (PhD)
    Background: Pregnant women have been deemed vulnerable to malnutrition due to their higher nutrient demands; therefore, dietary diversification has gotten a lot of attention. As a result, a wide variety of foods must be included in their diet to ensure that their nutritional intake is appropriate. There has been no research on dietary variety in the study area. Objective: To identify determinants of dietary diversity practice among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at St. Paul Hospital Millennium Medical College, Ethiopia Methods: A cross-sectional study will be conducted among 316 pregnant women in Ethiopia's St. Paul Hospital Millennium Medical College. A systematic sampling method was used. The data was collected using an interviewer-administered, structured, and modified questionnaire. Epi Data version 3.1 was used to enter the data, while SPSS version 21 was used to analyze it. The study subjects' Socio-demographic, obstetric, and nutrition-related variables were described using descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages. To find related factors, multivariate logistic regression was used. With a 95 percent confidence interval, statistical significance was assessed at P- value of < 0.05. Results: The study revealed that, 68.04% of the study participants had adequate dietary diversity. The result showed that women’s husband attended primary (AOR: 9.8; 95%CI: 6.5, 13.4), secondary (AOR: 10.2; 95% CI: 7.5, 15.2), college and above (AOR: 12.3; 95%CI: 9.4, 16.2) compared to non-educated one results a higher odd of adequate dietary diversity. Women receiving nutritional related health information (AOR: 2.44; 95%CI: 1.31, 4.53), food secure house hold (AOR: 2.68; 95% CI: 1.58, 6.28), women having greater or equal to 5 meals per day had a higher odd of adequate dietary diversity. Conclusion and recommendation: According to the findings, total consumption of acceptable dietary diversity is low in the research area. Increased meal frequency, nutritional advice, educated husbands, and secure households all contribute to pregnant women's adequate intake of a diverse diet. Dietary counseling during pregnancy has been highlighted as a way to enhance pregnant women's nutritional practices.
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    Undernutrition and Intestinal Helminth and Protozoan Parasites among Primary School in Lideta Sub City, Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2021-11) Eyuel Bekele; Abebe Haile (PhD)
    Undernutrition and Intestinal helminthes and protozoan parasitic infection have been reported to affect the physical growth, cognitive development, and the general health status of schoolchildren. Nevertheless, data are scarce regarding their effect on the overall Intestinal parasitic status and nutrition of schoolchildren Ethiopia. To assess these effects, a school based cross-sectional study was conducted on 350 schoolchildren; seven primary school in lideta sub city. The data were conducted between March one to April 25 202, data were gathered on the socio-demographic, environmental and sanitation, Anthropometry and laboratory findings this conditions of the selected primary school of the study participants through standardized structured questionnaire by interview. Fresh stool samples were collected and processed by formalin 10ml in 10%, Normal saline and used Olympus biological microscopic to examine Intestinal parasitic infection. Anthropometric measurements: weight, height and body mass index were analyzed using WHO (2007) anthro plus software. SPSS statistical software version 24 was used for data analysis and P-value 5 members (AOR=2.25, 95% CI: 1.12-4.5) The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitosis was 19.7% (95% CI: 15.7-24.3), The risk of parasitic infection was significantly increased among students with age group 6-11 (AOR=0.27; 95% CI: 0.09-0.81), student parents with income less than 3000(AOR=10.5; 95% CI: 3.96-12.23), water drinking from splash( filtered) (AOR=0.13 95% CI: 0.04-0.39), washing their hands regularly after vesting latrine(AOR=5 95% CI: 2.37- 13.06), untrimmed fingernails (AOR=4.37; 95% CI: 1.89-10.11), eating regularly uncooked and unwashed fruit and vegetables (AOR=3.92; 95% CI:1.48-10.33) and (AOR=3.7; 95% CI:1.47- 9.44. While, the prevalence of undernutrition and intestinal parasitic infection was higher among school-age children and revealed that undernutrition and intestinal parasitic infection were significantly associated in lideta sub city. The results need integrated and strengthening strategies to preventive and curative undernutrition and intestinal parasites.