Pathology

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Browsing Pathology by Author "Arayaselassie Mahlet"

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    Morphological Patterns of Neoplastic and Non-neoplastic Salivary Gland lesions in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, over a 5 year period, July 2015 to June 2020
    (Addis Ababa University, 2020-07) Abate Demis; Arayaselassie Mahlet
    Introduction: Salivary gland tumors account for < 1% of all tumors and about 4% of all epithelial neoplasms in head and neck region, and can display a remarkable range of morphological diversity between different tumor types. The objectives of this study were to analyze, compare and contrast the demographic and morphological data of neoplastic and nonneoplastic salivary gland lesions seen at Tikur Anbessa Hospital, Pathology department. Materials and Method: This was a descriptive, retrospective study of the salivary gland lesions diagnosed from July 2015 up to June 2020 from the Tikur Anbessa Hospital, Department of Pathology archive. These were analyzed for age, gender, anatomical location of the tumors and morphological typing. The salivary gland tumors were classified according to the 2017 WHO classification system. Results: From a total of 378 cases reviewed, 339 files had complete medical records fulfilling the study criteria. Of the 339 cases, 180 (53.1%) of the study subjects were females with an F: M ratio of 1.13:1. The commonest age group for both neoplastic and non-neoplastic salivary gland lesions was in the 3rd and 4th decades but spans a broad age range (2nd to 6th decades of life). 143 (42.2%) of the cases were non-neoplastic while the remaining 185 (54.6%) cases were neoplastic. Eleven (3.2%) cases were diagnosed as normal glands. Majority of the salivary gland neoplasms were benign tumors, accounting for 111 (60%). Among from the 143 non-neoplastic 76 (53.1%) were sialadenitis. More than half of the sialadenitis, 47 cases (61.8%) were constituted by chronic non-specific sialadenitis followed by obstructive sialadenitis with sialolithiasis and lymphoepithelial sialadenitis, 7 cases (9.2%) each. The most frequently affected anatomic location was the submandibular glands (62%) followed by the parotids (23.4%). Out of the 111benign tumors, PA was the most frequently occurring benign neoplasm with 99 cases (89.2%). The mean age of occurrence being 36.9 years and an F:M ratio of 1.4:1. The commonest site of occurrence was the parotids 36 (32.4%). The second most common benign tumor were myoepithelioma and basal cell adenoma containing 3 cases (2.7%) each, both located in the major salivary glands, mainly the parotids and the submandibular glands. Of the malignant tumors, 40 (58.8%) were females and 30 (44.2%) were males with an F:M ratio of 1.33:1. The mean age was 42.5 years. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma 23 (33.3%) cases was the commonest salivary gland cancer followed by 21 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma (30.4%), 6 cases of acinic cell carcinoma (8.8%) and 3 cases of adenocarcinoma, NOS (4.4%). 78 (42.4%) cases occurred in the parotid, 40 (21.7%) cases arose from the palate and 25 (13.6%) of the cases originated from the submandibular glands. Four cases of lymphomas, 3 cases of primary squamous cell carcinomas and a single case of high grade sarcoma were reported. Conclusion: Non-neoplastic lesions and tumors of the salivary glands show a slight geographic variation. In our study, pleomorphic adenomas were the most frequent salivary gland tumors similar to other African, Brazilian and Asian studies, but significant variation form studies done in Croatia. Sialadenitis was the second commonest lesion obtained which was in agreement to most literatures in African and Caribbean nations. In our study, Warthin tumor was the fourth most frequently identified benign salivary gland tumor which was in contradictory to most of the literatures.
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    Prevalence of Acute Leukemia and Association Between Bone Marrow Aspiration and Flow Cytometry in the Diagnosis of Acute leukemia in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Department of Pathology.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2020-10) Hailemelekot Elizabeth; Arayaselassie Mahlet; Hailu Daniel
    Background: Acute leukemia is a disease resulting from the neoplastic proliferation of haemopoieticor lymphoid cells. It results from mutation of a single stem cell, and usually there is a series of genetic alterations rather than a single event. Epidemiologically each type of leukemia has a different distribution. Objectives: The objective of this study is to assess the prevalence of acute leukemia and describe the association between bone marrow aspiration and flow cytometry in patients diagnosed to have acute leukemia. Methods: A cross sectional hospital based study design was conducted on 135 pathology reports of patients who had been diagnosed with acute leukemia by bone marrow aspiration during the period from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2019 G.C at TikurAnbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The data was utilized from bone marrow request papers and from patient chart review using a standardized data collection form. Different statistical analyses was used including frequencies of variables, descriptive statistics including mean and standard deviation and fisher exact test for determination of statistical significanceusing IBM SPSS for Widows 20.0. Results: Over all, most of acute leukemia cases had ALL (56.5%) with male predominance (2.4:1). The commonest clinical presentation were symptoms of anemia (64.3%) followed by fever (57.4%) and majority of the patients had organomegaly and lymphadenopathy (67% and 68% respectively).In this study most of the patients had leukocytosis with anemia and thrombocytopenia (59.1%, 93.9% and 91.9%) respectively.The peripheral morphologies we receive had ‘fair’ smear quality(60.9%) and 40.2% cellular bone marrow yield. The result of flow cytometry in this study showed B-Cell ALL predominates (45%). The associational studies showed children are more likey to have ALL than AML(AOR: 22.54; 95%CI: 2.90, 174.84, P= 0.001) and significant association of fever (AOR: 4.84; 95% CI: 1.28, 18.27; P=0.02)and bone pain(AOR: 9.28; 95%CI: 1.31, 65.47; P=0.025) with ALL.Fisher’s exact test did not show significant association between flow cytometry and bone marrow aspiration. Recommendation: Further prospective studies are needed to assess the association between flow cytometry and bone marrow aspiration.