Prevalence of Acute Leukemia and Association Between Bone Marrow Aspiration and Flow Cytometry in the Diagnosis of Acute leukemia in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Department of Pathology.
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Date
2020-10
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Background: Acute leukemia is a disease resulting from the neoplastic proliferation of haemopoieticor lymphoid cells. It results from mutation of a single stem cell, and usually there is a series of genetic alterations rather than a single event. Epidemiologically each type of leukemia has a different distribution.
Objectives: The objective of this study is to assess the prevalence of acute leukemia and describe the association between bone marrow aspiration and flow cytometry in patients diagnosed to have acute leukemia.
Methods: A cross sectional hospital based study design was conducted on 135 pathology reports of patients who had been diagnosed with acute leukemia by bone marrow aspiration during the period from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2019 G.C at TikurAnbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The data was utilized from bone marrow request papers and from patient chart review using a standardized data collection form. Different statistical analyses was used including frequencies of variables, descriptive statistics including mean and standard deviation and fisher exact test for determination of statistical significanceusing IBM SPSS for Widows 20.0.
Results: Over all, most of acute leukemia cases had ALL (56.5%) with male predominance (2.4:1). The commonest clinical presentation were symptoms of anemia (64.3%) followed by fever (57.4%) and majority of the patients had organomegaly and lymphadenopathy (67% and 68% respectively).In this
study most of the patients had leukocytosis with anemia and thrombocytopenia (59.1%, 93.9% and 91.9%) respectively.The peripheral morphologies we receive had ‘fair’ smear quality(60.9%) and 40.2% cellular bone marrow yield. The result of flow cytometry in this study showed B-Cell ALL predominates (45%). The associational studies showed children are more likey to have ALL than AML(AOR: 22.54; 95%CI: 2.90, 174.84, P= 0.001) and significant association of fever (AOR: 4.84; 95% CI: 1.28, 18.27; P=0.02)and bone pain(AOR: 9.28; 95%CI: 1.31, 65.47; P=0.025) with ALL.Fisher’s exact test did not show significant association between flow cytometry and bone marrow aspiration.
Recommendation: Further prospective studies are needed to assess the association between flow cytometry and bone marrow aspiration.
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Acute leukemia, department of pathology, TikurAnbessa Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia