Morphological Patterns of Neoplastic and Non-neoplastic Salivary Gland lesions in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, over a 5 year period, July 2015 to June 2020
No Thumbnail Available
Date
2020-07
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Introduction: Salivary gland tumors account for < 1% of all tumors and about 4% of all epithelial neoplasms in head and neck region, and can display a remarkable range of morphological diversity between different tumor types. The objectives of this study were to analyze, compare and contrast the demographic and morphological data of neoplastic and nonneoplastic
salivary gland lesions seen at Tikur Anbessa Hospital, Pathology department.
Materials and Method: This was a descriptive, retrospective study of the salivary gland lesions diagnosed from July 2015 up to June 2020 from the Tikur Anbessa Hospital, Department of Pathology archive. These were analyzed for age, gender, anatomical location of the tumors and morphological typing. The salivary gland tumors were classified according to the 2017 WHO classification system.
Results: From a total of 378 cases reviewed, 339 files had complete medical records fulfilling the study criteria. Of the 339 cases, 180 (53.1%) of the study subjects were females with an F: M ratio of 1.13:1. The commonest age group for both neoplastic and non-neoplastic salivary gland lesions was in the 3rd
and 4th decades but spans a broad age range (2nd to 6th decades of life). 143 (42.2%) of the cases were non-neoplastic while the remaining 185 (54.6%) cases were neoplastic. Eleven (3.2%) cases were diagnosed as normal glands. Majority of the salivary gland neoplasms were benign tumors, accounting for 111 (60%). Among from the 143 non-neoplastic 76 (53.1%) were sialadenitis. More than half of the sialadenitis, 47 cases (61.8%) were constituted by chronic non-specific sialadenitis followed by obstructive sialadenitis with sialolithiasis and lymphoepithelial sialadenitis, 7 cases (9.2%) each. The most frequently affected anatomic location was the submandibular glands (62%) followed by the parotids (23.4%). Out of the 111benign tumors, PA was the most frequently occurring benign neoplasm with 99 cases (89.2%). The mean age of occurrence being 36.9 years and an F:M ratio of 1.4:1. The commonest site of occurrence was the parotids 36 (32.4%). The second most common benign tumor were myoepithelioma and basal cell adenoma containing 3 cases (2.7%) each, both located in the major salivary glands, mainly the parotids and the submandibular glands. Of the malignant tumors, 40 (58.8%) were females and 30 (44.2%) were males with an F:M ratio of 1.33:1. The mean age was 42.5 years. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma 23 (33.3%) cases was the commonest salivary gland cancer followed by 21 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma (30.4%), 6 cases of acinic cell carcinoma (8.8%) and 3 cases of adenocarcinoma, NOS (4.4%). 78 (42.4%) cases occurred in the parotid, 40 (21.7%) cases arose from the palate and 25 (13.6%) of the cases originated from the submandibular glands. Four cases of lymphomas, 3 cases of primary squamous cell carcinomas and a single case of high grade sarcoma were reported.
Conclusion: Non-neoplastic lesions and tumors of the salivary glands show a slight geographic variation. In our study, pleomorphic adenomas were the most frequent salivary gland tumors similar to other African, Brazilian and Asian studies, but significant variation form studies done in Croatia. Sialadenitis was the second commonest lesion obtained which was in agreement to most literatures in African and Caribbean nations. In our study, Warthin tumor was the fourth most frequently identified benign salivary gland tumor which was in contradictory to most of the literatures.
Description
Keywords
Neoplastic ,Non-neoplastic ,salivary gland,Morphological patterns