School of Psychology

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Browsing School of Psychology by Author "Abebaw Minaye"

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    Assessing Protection Support and Access to Public Services of the Eritrean Refugees in Alemwach Settlement, Dabat Woreda, Amhara Region
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024) Tamirat Mezgebu; Abebaw Minaye
    The primary aim of this study was to assess the protection support and access to public services for Eritrean refugees in the Alemwach Settlement, situated in the Dabat woreda, Amhara Region. For this study 216 refugee community members were participated and also including refugee committee, different stalk holders from GO and NGO participated for FGD and KII. The participants included Eritrean refugees living in the Alemwach settlement in Dabat, Amhara. The study addressed three main research questions. A mixed-methods approach was utilized, combining both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. The qualitative methods included: Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with refugee community members and stakeholders from both government organizations (GOs) and non-governmental organizations (NGOs).34 participants were part of the FGD with different sessions. Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) with service providers, humanitarian organizations, and government officials based in Dabat. For quantitative method two Standardized questionnaires for social and psychological wellbeing of refugees were employed. The research also used secondary documents. The study examined how Eritrean refugees receive support and protection services from government and nongovernmental organizations in the Alemwach settlement. The findings revealed that access to basic public services for Eritrean refugees is inadequate due to various challenges, including logistical issues and insufficient infrastructure. The study explored the psychological challenges faced by refugees, who were secondarily displaced from former camps in the Tigray region to Alemwach in the Amhara region. Using a standardized psychological and social wellbeing scale, the study found that while most refugees have adjusted to their new environment, some still need additional psychosocial support due to past traumatic experiences. Despite these challenges, both the refugee and host communities generally maintained a positive outlook. The study assessed how refugees access and share public services with the host community, following the UNHCR’s integrated area based approach. The results identified gaps and challenges in accessing shared services, such as healthcare and education. Several unmet needs were highlighted, including camp security, opportunities for social interaction and participation, movement restrictions, and access to education and health services. The study also identified significant unmet psychosocial needs and gaps between the services required by refugees and those provided by agencies and humanitarian organizations, largely due to budget constraints. Key unmet needs include: Security within the camp; Opportunities for social interaction and participation; Freedom of movement.; Access to education and health services; Legal needs, such as documentation for new births and ID cards and Proof of registration for refugees. A simple descriptive analysis was conducted to understand the support provided to the Eritrean refugee community and their access to basic public services in the Alemwach settlement. The findings underscore the need for improved support mechanisms and better service provision to meet the needs of Eritrean refugees in the region. Key words: protection support; Eritrean refugees; access to public services; psychosocial support, unmet needs
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    Assessment of the Perceived Impact of Peer Pressure on Female Secondary School Students in Some Selected Schools in Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University , 2021-12) Feven Mulu; Abebaw Minaye
    Currently, peer pressure has become a concern for many secondary and preparatory school students as well as parents in Ethiopia. It is believed to be the biggest factor in determining preparatory school students’ academic performance. The major objectives of the study was to assess the influence of peer pressure on female secondary school students’ academic performance and indicate some coping mechanisms of negative peer pressure on some selected secondary schools in Addis Ababa . Mixed research approach was employed in this study. The study generated the required data from a representative sample of 320 adolescent female students drawn from the study population through random sampling. Data were collected through questionnaire, focus group discussion, and interview. Accordingly the following results are obtained: Negative peer pressure is highly observed on female adolescents of the study area they get fooled by the fun and pleasure found with accompany of their friends and because secondary and preparatory students are between the age of 15_18 and most of the time they are influenced by negative peer pressure. Want to look fun and relaxing and to avoid being treated as “far” are some of the reasons why female students are susceptible to negative peer pressure. There is a statistically significant negative relationship between positive peer influence and negative peer influence. The same is true about the relationship between perceived academic performance and negative peer influence. There is also statistically significant relationship between perceived academic performance and positive peer influence. That means, positive peer influence contribute to female students’ academic achievement. Positive peer pressure has strong association with better academic performance of the secondary and preparatory female students. Positive parents-female adolescent relationship would help to protect female from negative peer pressure. The supervision of school community and parents on controlling the use of mobile phone at school and home would play vital role towards to minimize the negative peer pressure. Open discussion and parental advice and support would help secondary and preparatory female students to cope with negative peer pressure and assisted the students to perform better at school
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    Behavioral Outcomes of Children Left Behind Due to Parental Migration in South Wollo, Ethiopia (Implications for Intervention)
    (Addis Ababa University, 2023-06) Getnet Tesfaw; Abebaw Minaye
    This study investigated the behavioral outcomes of LBC as a result of parental migration in Southern Wollo , Ethiopia. Accordingly, a concurrent mixed method was employed to address the objectives of the study. A total of 360 children whose mother, father, and both parents migrants were selected from two woredas in southern Wollo by using a stratified sampling method. 360 children living with both parents were also selected in the same weredas for comparison purposes. For the qualitative data 12 caregivers,18 teachers, and 13 LBC were also selected purposely. Behavioral outcomes of children were assessed by using the strength and difficulty questionnaire (SDQ). Interview and focus group guides were also used to explore the perception of caregivers, teachers, and left-behind children about parental migration and its consequences. The findings demonstrated that a significant mean difference was found between LBC due to parental migration and children living with both parents t (718) =24.64, p <0.01. The mean score of the behavioral outcome of LBC as measured by SDQ was significantly higher than children of non-migrating parents. A statistically significant mean difference was also observed between the migration status of parents (the migration of fathers, mother migrants, and both parent migrants) F= F(2, 357)=19.18, P<.01. The results suggest that a mother migrant and both parents migrant left behind children experienced behavioral outcomes significantly higher than children whose fathers migrated. Children of migrant mothers and both parent migrants showed nearly similar and higher behavioral difficulties as compared to children of father migrants. Furthermore, a significant mean difference was observed among the children left behind and cared for by different caregivers grandparents, mother only, father only, relatives, non-relatives, and children living alone ) F(5,354)=21.64, P<.01. The score of behavioral outcomes of children cared for by mothers and grandparents showed significantly lower than the other groups of caregivers providing care for LBC. Children cared for by mothers and grandparents look more advantaged than the other groups of LBC. The qualitative data from teachers and caregivers showed that LBC experienced isolation, longing, sadness, and lack of motivation in schooling following their parents’ migration. Children also reported that even if they understand the reasons for their parents' migration they faced various behavioral, social, and emotional. To conclude compared to children of the non-migrating parent, children of migrating parents showed behavioral problems. To mitigate the problem, families, governmental and non-governmental organizations that have a stake in children's lives shall play an important role. Intervention strategies should also be designed for children affected by parental migration.
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    Cross-Border Migration: Explaining Migration Intention from Selected Psychosocial Variables in South Wollo
    (Addis Ababa Universty, 2023-03-15) Abebe Kibret; Abebaw Minaye
    Migration has become one of the challenging global issues of the twenty-first century. Therefore, analyzing future migration is essential to develop clear strategies to manage actual migration. This research aimed to investigate predictors of emigration intention and the interaction effect of social network and sex between those predictors and migration intention. A sample of 701high school students who were selected using multistage random sampling participated in the research. Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis were employed to explore the dimension and loading of items respectively. To test the moderation effect of social network on migration intention and the predictor variables, structural equation modeling was employed using Amos version 27. As the finding indicates 54 % of participants expressed a desire to migrate abroad. The findings also revealed that there is a statistically significant difference in mean between female and male migration intentions (t(699) =12, P< .01). The global Chi-square test indicates sex significantly moderates the connection between the predictor variables and migration intention. The finding indicated that Attitude towards migration, National pride, subjective social norm, and perceived behavioral control predict youths’ migration intention. The result also revealed that social network strengthens the negative correlation between place attachment and intention to migrate only if the individuals have a high social network abroad. Social network of the youth is also found to moderate the relationship between attitude toward migration and migration intention. Therefore, strategies how to change the attitude of adolescents should be designed by NGOs, Government and Scholars in the area in collaboration with community members. Frequent training to adolescents about the consequences of migration should be intensively provided. Since it is the age of learning, teachers, families and communities need to work on adolescents to give priorities on their education. Key Words: Attitude: Migration Intention; National Pride; Perceived behavioral control; Place Attachment; Social Network and Subjective Social Norm
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    The Implementation of Health Communication in Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahido Church: The Case of Mahibere Kidusan Head Office
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014-05) Abraham Abeje; Abebaw Minaye
    This study examined the frequency of health communication of Gibi Gubae Students of AAU in the teachings of Mahibere Kidusan. Two hundred fifty five students have participated after being selected randomly. A five point Linkert Scale of health communication was used. Logistic regression was used to analyze dichotomous variables of health-related factors. Independent sample t-test and chi square tests were applied to investigate the difference between male-female students in Mahibere Kidusan. There is no significant difference between male and female on the healthy style of life score. The proportion of males who responded to prevalence of health communication is not significantly different from the proportion of females. Therefore, it is recommended that health Communication in Mahibere Kidusan should be continuous and encouraged.
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    Post migration Risk Factors to Depression among East and Great lakes Adolescent Refugees in Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2019-01) Rahwa Mengistab; Abebaw Minaye
    This study has aimed at finding out the post migration risk factors to depression in Somalia, Eritrea, South Sudan and Democratic Republic of Congo adolescent refugees in Addis Ababa. To achieve these research objectives a cross sectional survey design were implemented. A sample of 96 respondents, 45 males and 51 females aged 12-17 were selected through stratified random sampling from JRS and DICAC refugee centers . The depression level and the post migration factors were assessed using Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale Revised-20 and Multidimensional Students’ Life Satisfaction Scale instruments. Along with these questionnaires, the researcher also prepared basic demographic questions to solicit self-information of the participants. The collected data were analyzed through one way ANOVA, independent sample ttest, Pearson correlation and frequencies and percentages. The results showed that 58.5% of adolescents involved in this study are at risk to develop depression. Adolescents post migration risk factors had no significant relationship with depression. The socio demographic factors evaluated in this research adolescent refugees country of origin (F=3.38; p=0.022) and with whom they are living (F=2.572; p=0.024) were found to be a risk for depression but school, living environment, friends, family, self, parental/guardian education level, age, gender and year of stay had no significant effect on being a risk for depression. For this reason, a greater focus is needed on identifying factors that dealt with adolescent refugee depression and results should be applied to design suitable intervention programs especially at organizations working with refugees. As recommendation, providers of public health services and refugee centered originations should develop counseling services at school and this will helps mental health professionals meet with adolescent refugees and their families.
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    The Relationship between Conjugal Visitation and Family Bonding among Incarcerated People
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014-10) Eyob Yime; Abebaw Minaye
    The present study was aimed at the investigation of conjugal visitation and family bonding among incarcerated people. The study was conducted in Addis Ababa,Kaliti correctional center. 136participants (38 females and 98 males) were selected by using purposive sampling. A selfreported questionnaire that consisted of questions on social background, conjugal visit and family bonding was administered. The data obtained were analyzed using Parson Product- Moment Correlation Coefficient and independent sample t- test. The result of correlation coefficient(r = .275, p < .05, N =136)showed a weak, positive and statistically insignificant relationship between conjugal visitation and family bonding among families who have no child; and(r = .53, p < .05, N = 136) showed a statistically significant relationship among incarcerated people who have a child or children. The independent sample t-test also demonstrated statistically significant difference (-2.90, df = 134, p <. 05) between male and female prisoners in preserving family bonding related to conjugal visitation; the result was in favor of male incarcerations.Finally, it was concluded that conjugal visitation is significantly associated with family bonding.
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    The Relationship Between Premarital Preparation and Marital Satisfaction: With Reference to the Mothers of Students of Nisir new Generation School in Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014-06) Daniel Tadesse; Abebaw Minaye
    The aim of this study is to examine the differences, between married women with and without premarital preparation, with regard to the issues of marital satisfaction, communication, conflict resolution, intimacy and commitment in their respective family lives. For the purpose of this study 100 married women were selected of whom half had premarital orientation and the other half had none. Lottery technique was used in selecting the participants. For data collection questionnaires with 64 items were used. For data analysis the researcher employed t-test to examine the two groups. Furthermore, one way ANOVA was used to determine whether or not marital satisfaction, communication, conflict resolution, intimacy and commitment are in anyway affected by socio demographic characteristics such as age, monthly income, level of education and number of children. The study results indicated that (1) those with premarital preparations were generally effective in creating and managing more stable and peaceful family lives than those without premarital preparation, and (2) none of the other socio demographic characteristics had any different on the five issues mention the analyzed. Based on the results some of the finding are forward
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    Social Well-being of Institutionalized Elderly People: The Case of Sewasew Genet Charity and Development Organization
    (Addis Ababa University, 2021-09) Addisu Hordofa; Abebaw Minaye
    The purpose of this study was to investigate the social well-being of institutionalized elderly people in terms of social integration, social acceptance, social coherence, social contribution and social actualization. The study site was Sewasew Genet Charity and Development Organization which is found in Oromia Regional state, North Showa Zone, Girar Jarso woreda. Cross-sectional descriptive survey research design was used. Data were collected through Keyes Social Well-Being Scale and interview guide prepared for this purpose. Stratified sampling techniques were used to select participants. Data were collected from 81 male and 107 female participants whose age was 60 years and above using Keyes Social Well-Being and interview guides. Three participants were purposively selected and participated in the interview session, because they were communicating with the researcher accordingly. Independent t-test and One way ANOVA were employed to analyze the quantitative data. The result of the study depicted that using the midpoint of the social well-being scale; the institutionalized elderly people were socially well which is 157 (83.51%) participants, were one standard deviation above the mean score (81). Independent t-test shows that there is no statistically significant difference between male and female participants, (male M=110.9381, SD=17.79391) and female (M=107.1122, SD=17.64262) and (t = 2.5345, df =186, p=.826). On the other hand the one way ANOVA also revealed that there is no statistically significant difference among elderly people of different age groups and duration of stay in terms of social well-being. The findings of qualitative data showed that the participants were experiencing wellness in their social life than before (before joined the institutional care). Therefore, the study revealed, that institutional care has no negative impact on the social well-being of elders. Because the finding showed that there is no significant difference in terms of sex, age and duration of stay which is p=.826, p= .886 and p= .799 respectively. Therefore, elders who are living alone with several social and psychological problems in different parts of the country are encouraged to join institutional care giving centers.
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    Sources of Conflict among Female Migrant Returnees from the Middle East and Their Family: The Case of Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2018-06) Kassahun Fita; Abebaw Minaye
    This study aims to investigate the family relationship with regard to conflict among female migrant returnees from the Middle East countries with their families taking the Capital City (Addis Ababa) as a case. In order to achieve the main objective of the study, a qualitative research approach was designed; a semi-structured interview guide and observation were also employed for data collection together with the available published and unpublished documents. Fifteen participants were recruited from both returnees and their families using snowball sampling technique. The research questions of the current study are based on manifestations of conflict, sources of conflict and psychological consequences of conflict. Findings: The major manifestations of conflict are divorce, discrimination and poverty. The major sources of conflict are infidelity, returning empty-handed and loss of money. Psychological consequences are depression, stress, loneliness or withdrawal, aggression and worries. The conclusions are mainly related with the health problems of the returnees as a result of the conflict. So, in both cases (at host and home), it is the returnees who became double victims. The recommendations strongly indicate that Governmental and private concerned bodies should provide counseling service, legal protection or legal aid to take the issue of conflict they faced with their families to the legal institution. Key Terms: Migrant returnees, Returnees, Family and Conflict
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    The Influence of Leadership Style on the Growth and Inclusivity of Special Needs Student in Educational Programs: The Case of Addis Ababa University
    (Addis Ababa University, 2027-06) Yonatan Shimels; Abebaw Minaye
    This project seeks to examine the relationship between leadership styles and inclusion and the holistic development of the students with special needs at Addis Ababa University (AAU), Ethiopia. Structurally informed by transformational leadership, an inclusive education framework, and the social model of disability, this investigation takes a qualitative phenomenological methodological stance to understand how types of leadership might directly influence institutional practices and student experience. Data collection included semi-structured interviews with seven students with disabilities and four others at the university an administrator, and faculty in order to comprehend how equity and inclusion are delivered within AAU. Our thematic analysis revealed that AAU's leadership is primarily transactional and authoritarian with stark bureaucratic processes, limited stakeholder involvement, and governance focuses/creates compliance. AAU has policies under Article 8 and supports centers, however student engagement and access through those policies is curtailed through fragmented operational oversight, inadequate funding, and no accountability. Regardless, students expressed their struggles with barriers associated with access such as inaccessible buildings, outdated assistive technologies; cultural stigma, and social exclusion which contributed to restricting overall academic, emotional, and social welfare. Regardless of the structural and cultural constraints of being students with disabilities at AAU, students accepted being resilient and requested participatory leadership around some kind of training for faculty and dedicate funding to include in access. This project reminds us that transformative leadership is needed for pursuing and bridging the gaps between policy and actual practice. This research has given us reason to believe that inclusion must be embedded not only in institutions but in the lives of students. The need to advocate for structural change is also necessary in various projects to keep flourishing in a growing discourse around inclusive education and likewise flourish within resource constrained environments for inclusive educational change and appeal to relevant formal policies. The work will assist institutional reform because this change is necessary for the current state of exclusionary model in practice and promote inclusive practice for sustainable development and future lifestyle decisions. Key words: Leadership styles, inclusive education, special needs students, student growth
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    Trust, Shame and Communication challenges among sexually abused Women: The Case of Women from Association for Women’s Sanctuary and Development (AWSAD)
    (Addis Abba University , 2021-12) Fuad Lalle; Abebaw Minaye
    The objective of this study was to examine the level of trust, shame and communication challenges of sexually abused women in the case of Women from the Association for Women‟s Sanctuary and Development (AWSAD). The study used descriptive research design and the researcher employed mixed method approach i.e., quantitative and qualitative design. Trust and shame were measured through Quantitative design whereas communication challenge was evaluated through qualitatively design. The study area was selected based on availability sampling because the numbers of victims were very high in AWSAD among any other shelters in the country. The data collected were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, percentage, independent sample t-test for the quantitative data using SPSS version 24 and thematic analysis for qualitative data. The result shows that the majority of sexually abused women have experienced psychosocial problems (low trust level, moderate shame level and poor communication with other), because of history of sexual abuse and discrimination by the community. The independent sample t-test showed that there was statistically significance difference between married and single women regarding the general and individual trust level of sexually abused women. Whereas there is no statistically significant difference among married and single study respondents regarding total shame of sexually abused women. The researcher has recommended that different parties like non-governmental organizations, health professionals and youth clubs are expected to show the magnitude of trust, shame and communication challenges and related issues among sexually abused women with the possible ways of solving the problems
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    Typology and Mechanisms of Ethnic-based Online Hate Speech in Ethiopia: A Grounded Theory Approach
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-06) Tadesse Megersa; Abebaw Minaye
    Using language that devalues others is known to be the royal road to enemy-making, identity based conflict, and genocide. Parallel to the explosive growth of social media users in Ethiopia, ethnic-based hate speech has increased to the point where it is ripping Ethiopian society apart and threatening the values of democracy, human dignity, and peaceful coexistence. The present grounded theory-inspired study aims to explore the types of ethnic-based hate speech, how it occurs, and how social media users react to hate speech posts on social media. In order to address these objectives, relevant social media contents are collected from a few purposefully selected social media accounts or pages, from Facebook, YouTube news Channels, and Twitter platforms. Using a broader working definition and a checklist, hate speech data was manually collected, while comments given to a few of the hate speech posts were automatically extracted using a web link called exportcomment.com. In addition to social media content, six interviews were also conducted to support the findings obtained from the analysis of social media content. The collected data are stored in dataset, one by one until data saturation is reached. After immersion into the dataset, the analysis is guided by inductive coding as well as relevant grounded theory principles such as constant comparative analysis. Through inductive coding, hence, codes, concepts, and categories are generated and presented with thick descriptions. The finding shows four types of hate speech (dehumanization, enemification, devaluation, and attacking and repelling), three core categories of mechanisms (earned reputation, trolling and poaching, and user-fallibility), and five roles of users in reacting to hate speech posts (trolling, pacemaking, peacemaking, guarding, and informing). In addition, the findings show four interrelated contexts in which the hate speeches were framed: competition and disagreement over history and resources, the conflict in the Northern part of Ethiopia, lack of diversity tolerance, and failure of the government to uphold law and order. The study discusses the findings and provides recommendations deemed necessary to counteract hate speech. Keywords: Hate speech, dehumanization, enemification, devaluation, trolling, pacemaking, poaching, earned reputation