Medical Microbiology

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Browsing Medical Microbiology by Author "Abrha Alem"

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    Catheter Associated Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci (VRE) among Patients Admitted to Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2021-07) Derebe Ayelign; G/Selassie Solomon; Abrha Alem
    Background: Catheter associated urinary tract infections (CA-UTIs) are common cause of hospital acquired infections. The emergence of Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), poses a significant problem in the management of CA-UTI. There is scarcity of information on the prevalence and drug resistance pattern of VRE among catheterized patients in the current study setting. Objective: To determine the magnitude & prevalence of CA-UTI and CA-VRE in catheterized patients and to assess the knowledge and practice of health professionals on CA-UTI. Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted on 270 catheterized patients admitted to Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College from December 2020 to June 2021. A total of 121 health professionals were also assessed for their KAP on CA-UTI. Urine samples were collected and inoculated on to blood and MacConkey agars, incubated at 35-37°C for 24 hours aerobically. Phenotypic identification was carried out by biochemical tests. Vancomycin resistance for Entrococcus was performed by E-test. Data on level of knowledge and practice on CA-UTI was collected from health professionals using questionnaire and analysed by using SPSS version 20.P-value < 0.05 was used as statistically significant. Result: CA-UTI was detected in 31.9% of the study participants. E.coli was the most prevalent isolate (9.3%) followed by Enterococci (7.4%).The Enterococcus isolates showed highest resistance for penicillin (95%) followed by Doxycycline (55%) and erythromycin(50%). In contrast, lower resistance was documented for Ciprofloxacin (25%), Meropenem (20%) and Vancomycin (20%).The prevalence of CA-VRE among the Enterococcus isolates was 20%. Among health professionals participated in the study, 94.2% had knowledge on CA-UTI. Only 34.7% had awareness on CA-VRE and 19.8% had knowledge on bacterial biofilm formation. Conclusion: The overall prevalence of CA-UTI and CA-VRE was 31.9% and 20% respectively. Medical ward, intermittent catheterization and previous UTI have strong association with CAUTI, <0.05. Health professionals have little knowledgeon VRE and bacterial biofilm formations. Adherence to safety practice and periodic AMR screening in hospital can decrease the prevalence of CA-VRE and improve treatment outcome of hospitalised patients
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    Prevalence and Antimicrobial-Resistance Patterns of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Among Burn Patients Attending Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2021-08) Alemu Fedasan; Erku Woldearegay ; Abrha Alem
    Background:-Burns are one of the most common and devastating forms of trauma globally. Patients with burn wounds are at higher risk for infections due to multiple factors. P. aeruginosa plays a prominent role as an etiological agent involved in serious infections among burn patients, which varies by geographical location. There is a paucity of information about the specific prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of P. aeruginosa among burn patients in Ethiopia. Objective:-This study was designed to assess the prevalence and antimicrobial-resistant patterns of P. aeruginosa among burn patients attending Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Methods:-Hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College among patients attending burn clinic from November, 2020 to April, 2021. Detection and identification of P. aeruginosa were performed using conventional culture, Biochemical tests, and Gram staining. Antimicrobial resistance testing was done using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Logistic regression analysis was computed to determine the associated factors for P. aeruginosa infection. Results:-From the total of 210 burn wound cultures, 27 (12.86%) were found positive for P. aeruginosa. All the isolates showed greater than 70% susceptibility for the tested antibiotics except Gentamycin (29.63%), Ceftazidime (59.3%) and Ciprofloxacin (66.67%). Imipenem was the most effective drug (89%) in inhibiting the growth of P. aeruginosa isolates. In addition, 33.33% of P. aeruginosa isolates were Multidrug-resistant (MDR). Admission type, Hospital stay time and total body surface area (TBSA) had a statistically significant positive association with P. aeruginosa infection (all with P-value >0.05). Conclusion:-The overall, prevalence of P. aeruginosa among burn patients in the current study is almost 13%. P. aeruginosa isolates were most sensitive to Imipenem, while they were most resistant to Gentamycin. One-third of P. aeruginosa isolates were multidrug-resistant. This suggests the need to improve and monitor the treatment of infection with the pathogen to limit the possibility of the emergence of multidrug-resistant isolates in burn treatment centers.