African Studies

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Browsing African Studies by Author "Abebe (PhD), Dechasa"

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    African Diaspora Engagement to their Home Countries: A Comparative Analysis between Ethiopia and Nigeria
    (Addis Ababa University, 2020-06) Melkamu, Addisu; Abebe (PhD), Dechasa
    Because of precious role of diasporain development, the African Union has recognized diaspora as its sixth region. For the continent having a financing gap of $67.6-$107.5 billion diaspora engagement is one of the most essential matters that requires cohesive policies and road map. The actual engagement of African diaspora to their home countries are not synchronized with its potential resources. With regard to these facts, this study sought to explore gaps in African diaspora engagement to their home countries (with special emphasis of Ethiopia and Nigeria). Questionnaires and interviews are used as tools of the study. Extensive desk reviews were also employed to explore how home countries leverage their overseas population. In documentary review techniques policies, institutions and actions that shape Diaspora engagement has discussed. The study reveals that Nigeria has institutions that are more robust, better financial system, better diaspora community organizations than Ethiopia, which enables Nigeria to have better engagement of diaspora in Africa. It also disclosed fragile diaspora institutions, malaise of domestic politics, insubstantial financial system and some others factors are identified as factors that underutilized diaspora engagement in Ethiopia. This study recommends that establishing feasible diaspora institutions and fixing financial systems are the forefront issues that Ethiopia should deals to intensify its diaspora engagement. It is necessary to improve state-diaspora relations, which as strong spill over effects on diaspora engagement. Finally, more research is needed to guide means of structuring diaspora institutions and mapping in a less expensive manner. Key Words: Diaspora, Development, Diaspora Engagement, Nigeria, Ethiopia and Diaspora Engagement Typologies.
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    Challenges of Nation Building in Democratic Republic of Congo and Nigeria: A Comparative Study
    (Addis Ababa University, 2020-11) Keri, Sherif; Abebe (PhD), Dechasa
    Despite the fact that both Democratic Republic of Congo and Nigeria are endowed with rich human and natural resources, the observable political, economic, and social phenomena of DRC and Nigeria indicates an absence of successful nation-building process, even after six decades of independence. There are abundant documents and related articles on the challenges faced by these countries in their efforts of nation-building. However, literature of comparative context, which deals with the challenges of nation building of DRC and Nigeria is unavailable. The current study shows the countries‘ efforts and challenges in nation-building. It also indicates their similarities and differences. In order to address the challenges of nation-building efforts of both counties, a qualitative comparative research design was adopted. Accordingly, the findings of the study indicate that the challenges of nation-building faced by the two countries include; challenges from colonial legacy, ethno-religious strife, weak institutions, corruption, poor governance, poverty and socio-economic inequalities, external intervention, leadership crisis, violence, and instability are among the various factors which deserve mention. The findings furthermore, suggest that there are significant similarities and differences between the challenges faced by DRC and Nigeria. For instance, the British colonial system provided better opportunity of political experience and civil servant role for the Nigerian elites as opposed to the Belgian Congo. In contrast to the smooth decolonization process of British Nigeria, the decolonization of Belgian Congo was abnormal, and the external intervention in post-independence Congo was more aggressive than that of Nigeria. Although both countries followed various nation-building policies, the challenges outweighed their endeavors. The findings of the study suggests that by implementing proper policy choices: establishing a national consensus of civic ideals rather than ethnic identity, carrying through a pro-people constitution, political, and economic policies, and by building an inclusive capable political, economic, and social institutions, it could be possible for the two countries to overcome the challenges of nation-building, and attain sustainable development. Keywords: Nation, State, Nation-State, Nation-Building, State-Building.
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    Ethiopia and Eritrea Reconciliation and its Economic Implications in the Countries
    (Addis abeba Univercity, 2019-10) Assefa, Snetsehay; Abebe (PhD), Dechasa
    For Eritrea and Ethiopia 2018, was another defining moment in their thorny historical relations since 1998. The year ended a stalemate that lasted for two decades between the countries. This was followed by a re-opening of the border which was a source of optimism for economic advancement for both countries. Therefore, this research has gathered relevant data through interviews and document review from concerning government bodies, private sectors and experts in the field. And, employed the data gathered to further implore and present in-depth insights to the economic implications of the peace re-installment between the countries. Consequently, the research findings showed a shift in trade, business activity, income and employment in the countries following the Ethio-Eritrea reconciliation. However, it also indicated that it is not welcomed unanimous, especially from the Ethiopian side. The research further recognized a similar pattern between the latest economic/trade relationship between the countries and the 1991 to 1998 economic relations of the two nations. The economic relationship from 1991 to 1998 had factored for the war in 1998, to broke out and lead to the stalemate that lasted for two decades. The disdain which immanent from the reconciliation and the economic/trade relation that followed is in some level attributed to the lack of trade agreement. Based on this the research calls for the introduction of border crossing trade agreements and trade protocol.