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Browsing Sociology by Author "Asres (PhD), Kassahun"
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Item Experiences and Challenges of Young Ethiopian Female Domestic Workers in the Middle East; the Case of Migrant Returnees in Mekaneselam Town, South Wollo, Amhara Region(Addis Ababa University, 2020-08) Asmare, Sindew; Asres (PhD), KassahunThe problem of human migration is a world phenomenon that touches on a variety of economic, political, social and cultural aspects, influencing peoples in the current world. More than ever before, migration touches all countries and peoples in the time of increasing globalization. Nonetheless, little has been known regarding to the experiences and challenges of young Ethiopian female domestic workers in the Middle East, therefore, the main objective of this study is investigating the experiences and challenges of young Ethiopian female domestic workers in the Middle East, the case of migrant returnees in Mekaneselam town. Qualitative research approach was used so as to collect and analyze the data that obtained from in-depth interview, key informant interview and focus group discussions informants. To achieve the overall objective of the study, the researcher employed snowball sampling technique for in-depth and FGDs informants and purposive sampling techniques for key informant participants. This research also employee retrospective study designs to look the challenges and experiences of migrants from pre to return migration. The findings of this study showed that poverty and unemployment, conflict and violence, network of return migrants and hopelessness as the major motivating factors of young Ethiopian females to migrate to the Middle East. And also sexual abuse, religious abuse, psychological abuse, cheating, payment inequality, physical abuse, inadequate job options and cultural challenges were the major challenges of female migrants in the destination. Consequently, financial problem, Abuse at the time of journey, tiredness and sickness were the major challenges of migrants before and during migration. Separation of their marital partner and problem of rehabilitation were the other challenge of migrants after they return to their country. This study showed that families, government, religious institutions and non-governmental organizations did not adequately prepare to rehabilitate migrant returnees. As the study indicated false expectation of entry to marriage, deportation and family issues were the major causes for migrant‟s return. In general, this study concluded, religious disparity, gender, racial and ethnic differences as the major sources of young females burden in the Middle East. Moreover, this study recommended that the concerned bodies like religious institutions, political institutions, charity organizations and others should work cooperatively, in addition, the government should proposed specific policy to make accountable both legal and illegal brokers, since they are the major causes of young females suffering. Finally, this study suggested that the broadcast Medias should invest a lot towards the challenges of domestic migrants so as to maximize the awareness of communities towards the plights of young female migrant domestic workers pre to return migration. Keywords, Challenges, Documented Migrants, Domestic Work, Domestic Workers, Experiences, Middle East, Migrants, Undocumented Migrants, young femalesItem The Socio-economic Challenges and Job Searching Practices of Unemployed University Graduates: The Case of Adea Berga District, West Shoa Zone, Oromia Region(Addis Ababa University, 2020-11) Mezigebu, Ketema; Asres (PhD), KassahunUnemployment is one of the major challenges facing both developing and developed countries today. The purpose of this study was to find out the socio-economic challenges and job searching practices of unemployed university graduates of Adea Berga District, West Shoa Zone, Oromia Region. The study used mixed research method. Focus group discussion, in-depth interview, Key informant interview and questionnaire were employed as a data collection instruments. The sampling techniques used in this study were stratified and simple random sampling for quantitative part. For qualitative part, convenience sampling method was employed as sampling techniques. The sample size for quantitative study was 154. Focus group discussion and in-depth interview were used with 13 unemployed university graduates to collect qualitative data. Additionally, qualitative information was collected from 4 key informants. In order to analyze quantitative data, SPSS 23 version was used. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze quantitative data. Chi-square test was also used to test association between some variables. Both narration and thematic analysis methods was used to analyze qualitative data. The findings of this study indicated that social networks and newspaper or advertisement board as the most frequently used job searching methods. The livelihood strategies of most of unemployed university graduates depend on the support of their family, relatives or their friends. The job preference and future aspiration of most of unemployed university graduates is self-employment. Key words: Unemployment, Graduate unemployment, Livelihood strategy, Socio-economic challengesItem Thriving to Survive: Resettlement of Internally Displaced Persons in Sululta Town of Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia(Addis Ababa University, 2020-03) Masresha, Benyam; Asres (PhD), Kassahunstudy deals with Internal Displacement. It aimed at examining the socio-economic condition, livelihood strategies, challenges, occupational and residential aspiration as well as the resettlement process of the internally displaced persons settled in Luuguu Settlement Site located in Sululta Town of Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. Both quantitative and qualitative research approaches were employed to collect and analyze the data needed to address the aforementioned objectives. Accordingly, 208 survey questionnaires were administered to the household heads of the internally displaced persons. Additionally, one key informant interview was conducted with a government official from the town administration who was responsible for coordinating the displaced persons. To add up, four separate in-depth interviews were conducted with two female and two male household heads. To further triangulate the data, two separate focus group discussions were conducted with male and female household heads as well. Moreover, observation was also used to gather data. The study found that the socio-economic conditions of the internally displaced persons have drastically dropped. The livelihood strategies of the households did also dropped from high income-generating activities to low income-generating activities. The major challenges identified by the households were inadequate public toilet facility followed by inadequate clothing and food relief, joblessness, uncomfortable housing, and inefficient flood control system. Insufficiency of financial resources was identified as a major challenge to the government. The majority of the households’ occupational aspiration was to engage in merchandise. Likewise, the majority of the households’ residential aspiration was to integrate into the host community rather than relocate or return to the place of origin. The process of the resettlement program was found to be participatory. The households were engaged in the planning and decision making of the resettlement program through their representatives. Furthermore, the resettlement process was found to be voluntary in its nature and process. All of the impoverishment risks, except homelessness, identified by Carnea’s Impoverishment Risk and Reconstruction Model were reportedly faced by the internally displaced persons. Despite expected impoverishments due to displacement, the study revealed that the resettlement program had successfully averted the risk of homelessness.