Evaluation of anti-malarial activity of 80% methanol extract and solvent fractions of the leaves of Olea europaea Linn (Oleaceae) in mice
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Date
2017-02
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Addis Abeba Universty
Abstract
Evaluation of the anti-malarial activity of 80% methanol extract and solvent
fractions of the leaves of Olea europaea (Oleaceae) in mice
Desye Misganaw
Addis Ababa University, 2016
Drug resistance posed a challenge to malaria control measures. This called for
development and discovery of new chemotherapeutic agents from alternative sources such
as medicinal plants. This study aimed to investigate antimalarial activity of Olea
europaea, an extensively used plant in Ethiopian folklore medicine. The leaf was extracted
by maceration using 80% methanol and the crude extract was then successively
fractionated using solvents of differing polarity (chloroform, n-butanol and water). Antimalarial
activity of various doses of the extract and fractions (200, 400 and 600 mg/kg)
was evaluated using the 4-day suppressive test (both crude and fractions), as well as
Rane’s and prophylactic tests (crude extract only). The crude extract significantly reduced
parasitemia (p<0.001) and prolonged survival time (p<0.001) in all models, as compared
to the negative control group. Accordingly, percentage suppression was highest on the 4-
day suppressive test followed by the Rane’s test and then the prophylactic test. The nbutanol
fraction produced the highest percentage inhibition of parasitemia among the
fractions, while the aqueous fraction was the least and the rank was also similar for other
parameters (packed cell volume, rectal temperature and body weight) as well. Hence, this
study revealed the anti-malarial activity of the crude extract of the leaves of Olea
europaea and further shown that all the three fractions possessed varying degree of antimalarial
activity.
Key words: Antimalarial activity, Plasmodium berghei, Olea europaea
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Antimalarial activity, Plasmodium berghei, Olea europaea