In vitro Anthelmintic Activity Of Aqueous And Methanolic Extracts of Allium Sativum, Zingiber Officinale And Ruta Graveolens Against Haemonchus Contortus
| dc.contributor.advisor | Prof.Getachew Terefe | |
| dc.contributor.author | Yodit Ayalew | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2023-12-12T05:52:58Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2023-12-12T05:52:58Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2022 | |
| dc.description.abstract | In vitro experimental trail were conducted from December 2021 to May 2022 to investigate the anthelmintic activities of aqueous and methanolic extracts of Allium sativum (Garlic), Zingiber officinale (Ginger) and Ruta graveolens (Rue) against H. contortus. The plants were purchased from local market from Bishoftu town. Methanol and aqueous extracts of the selected medicinal plants were prepared by maceration technique. Each plant was also subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening for the presence or absence of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, saponins, tannis, triterpens and glycosides using standard procedures. Different graded concentration of the extracts were prepared and evaluated for in vitro anthelmintic effects using standard techniques of adult and larval motility inhibition test and egg hatch inhibition tests. For the adult motility inhibition test, 10 actively moving worms were placed into test tubes containing different concentration of plant extracts (100, 50, 25 and 12.5mg/ml). Similar concentrations were tested against larvae of Haemonchus but the number of worms was adjusted to 100 L3/well. The results were evaluated by counting the dead worms at an interval of three hours, for a total period of nine hours for adults and interval of six hours for 48 hours for the larvae. For the egg hatch inhibition test, the wells containing about 100eggs/ml were exposed to various concentration of the plant extracts (50, 25, 12.5 and 6.25mg/ml) and incubated at 27°C for 48 hours and evaluated based on the characteristics such as dead and hatched eggs. On the 3rd hour of observation, all higher concentrations (>25mg/ml) of both methanolic and aqueous extracts of ginger and rue have killed 100% of the adult worms. A similar level of efficacy for garlic was observed on the 9th hour of exposure. Nine hours after treatment, only 20% of worms incubated with PBS or DMSO alone were found dead and the difference between treatment and control groups was significant (P<0.001). The effect of methanolic extract of the three plant species against adult H. contortus worms at all extract concentrations was equivalent to the efficacy of 5% Albendazole (P>0.05). Aqueous extracts had also similar effect except for garlic where significantly lower number of worms than the others including Albendazole (P<0.05) were killed. Both Methanol and aqueous extract concentrations lower than 50mg/ml of all the three plants had significantly lower effect on H. contortus infective larvae compared to Ivermectin which has killed 100% of the larvae. At higher concentrations, however, almost all extracts had greater than 80% efficacy and the difference was significant between treatment and both positive and negative control wells (P <0.005). Methanolic extract of Ruta graveolens had inhibited less than 60% of nematode egg hatchability at all concentrations tested whereas ginger extract had shown a concentration dependent increasing efficacy which goes beyond the effect of Albendazole although the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). In a similar manner, aqueous extract of rue had much less ovicidal effect at all concentrations compared to the other two extracts and the positive control. In conclusion, the present study revealed the potential nematocidal and ovicidal effects of extracts from the three plant species. Further study is required to fractionate active compounds, support the finding by in vivo test and evaluate any toxic effect that may hamper the use of the products as potential anthelmintics. | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://etd.aau.edu.et/handle/123456789/664 | |
| dc.language.iso | en | |
| dc.publisher | Addis Abeba University | |
| dc.subject | Allium sativum;Ruta graveolens; Zingiber officinale | |
| dc.subject | anthelmintic | |
| dc.subject | extract | |
| dc.subject | in vitro | |
| dc.title | In vitro Anthelmintic Activity Of Aqueous And Methanolic Extracts of Allium Sativum, Zingiber Officinale And Ruta Graveolens Against Haemonchus Contortus | |
| dc.type | Thesis |