The magnitude of catheter-associated urinary tract infection, biofilm production, and antibiotic resistance patterns from patients visited at Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
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Date
2023-07
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Background: Urinary tract infections refer to the presence of microbial pathogens within the urinary
tract (urethra, bladder, ureters, or kidneys). Self-replicating microbial biofilm population that is polluted
by indwelling medical equipment, such as catheters, is a major contributor to nosocomial infections. On
the surfaces of indwelling medical devices, a complex bacterial colony known as a bacterial biofilm
produces an extracellular polysaccharide matrix. Catheter-associated urinary tract infections are one of
the most common hospital-acquired illnesses.
Objective: To determine the magnitude of catheter-associated urinary tract infection, biofilm producing
bacteria, and their antibiotic resistance among patients urinary tract infection at Yekatit 12 Hospital
Medical College in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Methods: Across-sectional study was conducted to determine the magnitude of catheter-associated
urinary tract infection, biofilm production, and antibiotic resistance. Convenient sampling technique was
used to collect data on catheter-associated urinary tract infections, which were collected between
December 2022 and May 2023 from catheter urine. The microbiology laboratory received the catheter
urine samples right away for isolation and identification of pathogenic bacteria. The presumptive
isolates of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria were further identified using a variety of gram-
staining and biochemical techniques. The disc diffusion method was used to evaluate the antimicrobial
susceptibility pattern of the isolates, and the microtiter (96-well plate) method was used to screen for the
formation of biofilms by measuring optical density at 630 nm using an enzyme linked immunosorbent
assay reader using.
Results: The prevalence of bacterial pathogens was 54% among the 270 study participants suspected of
urinary tract infections related to catheter use. Pseudomonas spp. 23 (15.8%) and E.coli 41 (28%) were
the two most common bacterial isolates. The most prevalent isolate of gram-positive bacteria was S.
aureus 23 (15.8%). For gram-positive bacteria, cefotaxime and penicillin both demonstrated an increase
in antibiotic resistance (75.6% and 71.7%, respectively). The overall percentage of isolates that
developed biofilms was 61%, with E. coli (43.9%), pseudomonas spp. (69.6%), CONs (57.9%), and
Citrobacter spp. (100%), all of which created robust biofilms.
Conclusion: Bacterial isolates were widely distributed among catheter-related infections. The majority
of bacterial isolates were at least partially antibiotic-resistant.
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Keywords
Biofilm formation, Microtiter plat assay, Drug susceptibility pattern, Urinary tract infection