Determinants of Urban Poverty in Debre Markos, Ethiopia: A Household Level Analysts
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Date
2006-08
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Social safelY net protects individuals/households from Iransient as well as chronic food
insecurity through different mechanisms: free distribution, public works etc. All over Ihe
world safety nets are used as a part of social protection though there are differences in the
design and implementation issues. Ethiopia has employed different types of safety nets such
as Free Distribution (FD), Food-for-Work (FFW), Employment Based Safety Net (EBSN)
and currently ProduClive Safety Net Program (PSNP) to avert problem of/ood insecurity at
household. local, and national level. This study therefore attempts to assess the
implementation aspect of PSNP at local level (Kuyu woreda). Different issues like targeting
process, mode, amount and timing of transfers, public works pelformance and community
participation in the decision making process of the program are analyzed.
Primary dc-'a were collected using household survey focus group discuss ion and key
informants in depth interview. SecondOlY dala sources were PSNP implementation manual
(2004) and PSNP reports of Kuyu woreda. As to the analysis descriptive statistics were used
together with chi- square test to see the difference between Direct Support (DS) and PW
(Public Work) benefiCiary households view of targeting processfairness.
Overall, the study finds Ihe presence of dilution and beneficiary lisl rolation in line with
targeting process. In addition, poor geographical targeting within the woreda and corruption
during Ihe first year targeting (2 005) are the challenges of PSNP in Kuyu woreda. On the
other hand, transfer and public work activities are rarely demand driven. There has been
weak institl/tionallinkage, and lack of active community involvement in the decision making
process of PSNP. Nonetheless, gradually implementing agencies at local level have
developed better understanding of the program and its implementation.
Finally, the study recommends full family targeting, periodical community need assessment
in line with payment and communily asset building, strong institutional coordinOlion
commitment to wards community empowering, strong on going activities monitoring
particularly the public work component.
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Keywords
Urban Poverty