Assessment of magnitude and associated risk factors of post operative nausea and vomiting after elective surgury under general anesthesia At Tikur Anbesa specialized hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2018.
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Date
2018-05
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Addis Ababa Universty
Abstract
Background: Nausea and vomiting with onset during the operation and persisting in the
postoperative period cause reduced patient comfort, delayed discharge from the hospital, and an
increase in costs. This problem deserves more attention when some possible consequences, such
as dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, wound dehiscence, venous hypertension and bleeding,
rupture of the esophagus, airway obstruction, and aspiration pneumonia, are taken into account.
Objective: The objective of this research is to assess the magnitude and associated risk
factors with post operative nausea and vomiting in elective surgical patient under general
anesthesia at TASH , January 1 , 2018 –March 30,2018, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia.
Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted on surgical patients who undergo their
surgical procedure at Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from, January
1- March 30, 2018. Patient interview and chart review was employed for data collection.
Collected data was analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 window to assess the magnitude and
associated risk factors of post-operative nausea and vomiting ( PONV) in patients undergoing
surgery in the study population. Descriptive as well as analytic statistics were used for variables
and data was presented by tables, graphs, charts, and texts. Independent variables with the
dependent variable, PONV were analyzed using binary logistic regression.
Results: Overall magnitude of nausea and vomiting was 22.7% and 15.7% respectively. In multi
logistic regression, Patients those have history of previous nausea or vomiting were 4.25 times
{AOR=4.25; 95% CI (1.32-13.6) more likely to have nausea compared to patients those have no
history of previous nausea or vomiting. In multi logistic regression female patients those
undergone general anesthesia were 3.3 times {AOR=3.3; 95% CI (1.1, 10.1) more likely to have
vomiting compared to male patients those undergone general anesthesia.
Conclusion and recommendation: The overall magnitude of vomiting and nausea in the study
area were 15.7% and 22.7% respectively. Variables like sex, pre medication with opioid and
history of previous nausea or vomiting had significantly associated with magnitude of nausea
and vomiting. It is recommended to give premedication for patients who take opioids before
surgery.
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Keywords
Post-operative nausea, Post-operative vomiting, General anesthesia