Prevalence and Drug Susceptibility Pattern of Group A Streptococcus among Patients with Tonsillopharyngitis Attending Yekatit 12 Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Date
2021-03
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Addis Abeba University
Abstract
Background: The group A streptococcus causes different spectrum of human infections, ranging from
pharyngitis and pyoderma, to life threatening immunological complications such as acute rheumatic fever,
rheumatic heart disease, post streptococcal glomerulonephritis, toxic shock syndrome and necrotizing
fasciitis. The greatest global burden of group A streptococcus disease is due to Rheumatoid Heart Disease
which follows group A streptococcus pharyngitis, where 15 million cases and 349,000 deaths occur
worldwide.
Objective: To determine the prevalence, drug susceptibility pattern of group A streptococcus and possible
associated risk factors among patients with Tonsillopharyngitis attending Yekatit 12 Hospital, Addis
Ababa, Ethiopia.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 192 participants with Tonsillopharyngitis who
attended Yekatit 12 hospital Ear Nose Throat clinic in the city of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from July 2020
to October 2021 and throat swab sample was collected. A standard microbiological method was used to
isolate and identify group A streptococcus from throat swabs obtained from study subjects. The disk
diffusion method was used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Descriptive statistics and multivariate
logistic regression analysis were done by Statistical Package Social Science version 26.
Results: In this study, the overall prevalence of group A streptococcus was 3.65% (7/192).All isolates of
GAS were susceptible to all penicillin (10unit), Clindamycin (2µg), Chloramphenicol (30 µg),
Vancomycin (30µg), erythromycin (15 µg), Tetracycline (30 µg) while resistance to Trimethoprimsulfametoxazole
(1.25/23.75µg). None of the risk factors were found to be significantly associated with
strep-throat Tonsillopharyngitis [P>0.05].
Conclusion: In this study the prevalence of group A streptococcus was relatively low. All group A
streptococcus isolates remained susceptible to penicillin, Clindamycin, erythromycin, Chloramphenicol,
tetracycline and Vancomycin indicating that those are still the drug of choice for the treatment of GAS
infection.
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Keywords
Group A Streptococcus, Bet–hemolytic, Drug Resistance, Prevalence, Tonsillopharyngitis, Ethiopia