The Challenges And Prospects of Multi-Village Community Managed Rural Water Supply System Sustainability: Hitosa Water Supply Scheme, Oromia Region.
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Date
2010-07
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Addis Ababauniversity
Abstract
The provision 0/ improved waler supply service is a basic need, human righl and a prerequisile
/01' developmenl. lIo wever, millions a/people are slill IInable 10 oblain adequale polable waleI'
parlicularly in ruml areas Ihal deserve special alieni ion. In order 10 meel Ihe demand. a dislanl
piped waleI' supplies 10 rural areas is emerging as an oplion where local waleI' sources are
scarce, conlaminaled or high level 0/ ser vice demand due 10 change (~/ Ihe life 'vlyle and
populalion pressure, Hence, 10 ben~jil.Fom Ihe economies-o,t:scale, a dislanl piped \ValeI' supply
syslem is expecled 10 serve fIlUlli -village, the peljormance o/mulli-village ,valer supply ,Iyslem,
however, becomes challenging and il rarely provide Ihe planned level 0/ services due 10 limiled
involvemenl o,/Ihe communily, low level 0/ cosl recovelY, lack 0/ adequale lechnical capacily,
inappropriale inslilulional arrangemenls and envirol1tllenlal /aclors. On Ihis Ihemalic area, lillie
work has been done so .fclr abolll Ihe cllrrenl efjoris, praclices and challenges o/l11ulli-village
,valer supply syslell1 al nalional level. To Ihis end. Ihis research Iries 10 assess and analyze
praClices, challenges and prospecls o/lI1ulli-village rural waleI' supply ,1)l.l'Iem. 7his sludy is
conduCled in lIilosa Mulli-village Rural WaleI' Supply syslem o/Oromia Regional SlCll e. II
employed mllilisiage lechniques: purposil'e, slralijied and simple random sampling 10 seleCI Ihe
WS ,Iyslem. Ihe benejiciOlY kebleles and Ihe 1111 sllrvey respondenls. The syslem serves 19 /'IIral
kebeles and Ihree lawns. All rural kebeles are involved in Ihe samplingfi'ame. 'Ihe benejicicllY
kebeles are sl/'C/lijied based on agro-ecology, 0/ which, 6 kebeles(32%) were Pllrposively
delermined CIS sample kebeles and proporlionally dislribuled. 11 10lal 0/ 222households were
sludied. lIousehold Sllrvey, Key In/ormanl Inler viell',\, Field Observalions, and Focused Croup
Discussions are Ihe main research inSlrumenls. Mixed Iypes 0/ dala colleclion lechniques are
adopled 10 gal her suIjicieni and relevanl in/ormcllion jar Ihis sludy. Descriplive slalislics were
employed 10 gene/'C/le fi'eqllency lables, averages, slandard devialions and graphs. The sludy
revealed Ihal Ihe pel/ormance of lIilosa communily managed }\;/V R WS syslem is subslanl ial in
lerms of addressing Ihe local acule walershorlage, II was/ound oul Ihal Ihe praclices a/large
scale gravily waleI' supply syslem have good lessons Ihal could be replicaled 10 olher areas
provided Ihal a comprehensive sludy o/Ihe specijic local condilion is carried oul. Nowever.
currenlly, Ihere is suppressed sllpply Ihal considerably influences Ihe sali.l/aclion 0/ Ihe
cOll1l11unily, This is due 10 dy.~jim clional and parlial fill1clional 0/ public laps. availabilily 0/
waleI' for shOl'l periad 0/ lime and low pressure, lack of qllalily spare paris and sllslainable
supply chain and jelilllre 0/ ill1plemenling di!jerenl manuals and guidelines, weak financial
managemenl, lack 0/ inslilulional legal el1lily, inadequacy 0/ lraining\' and incenlives for
volllniaries members and lower sa ICilY scale/or Ihe recmiled slaIf ond lack o,//inancefor major
replacemel1l and nell' source developmenl 10 meellhe groll'ing demand 'lhere/ore. Ihe sludy call
for: establishing slIslClinable spare paus supply chain llII'ough privale seclor, illlplemenling Iile
exisling rural waleI' sllPply guidelines and manuals. ensure inslillilionol legal enlily, seleci Ihe
waleI' cOll1millee in lerms 0/ capacily and cOl11milmenl, provide adequale lrainings and allraClive
incenlives /0 the Ivaler commiflees, the waleI' managemenl board members and the recruited
slafT re view Ihe Waler Ildminisll'alion Office slaff'salOlY scale and mainlain apprvpriale
benejils. mobilize Jimds for major replacemenls and nell' source developmenl, ins lolling maSler
waleI' meier al Ihe head o/Ihe waleI' source, conducling a delOil sludy on Ihe waleI' source slClIIIS
and due alieni ion mllsl be also g iven 10 prolecl Ihe Iwler source and develop appropriale
moniloring and evalualion mechanislI1 for shari and long lerm plans so as 10 ensure Ihe
suslainabilily and Ihe prospeci o/lI1ainlaining a service delivelY o/Ihe ,Iyslelll
Description
Keywords
System Sustainability: Hitosa Water Supply Scheme, Oromia Region