Characterization and Optimization of Bioinsecticide Extracted from Cigarette Waste to Control Cabbages Insect Pests
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Date
2020-11
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Chemical pesticides and fungicides have been in use since long period to protect the crops from insects and diseases. Plant extracts were likely the earliest agricultural bio-insecticides. Nicotine in the form of tobacco extracts was reported in 1690 as the first plant-derived insecticides. A huge mass of tobaccos is wasting in NTE during cigarette processing and within a cigarette butt disposal. Therefore, this study is aimed to characterize and optimize nicotine extract from these tobaccos wasted for insecticide application.
The samples were collected from different parts of the countries. The tobacco fillers were removed from wastes, dried and resized for better extraction efficiency and quality. The processes involve the extraction, emulsification, and testing of efficiency on cabbage aphids. The extraction process was performed by the solvent extraction method using methanol to ethanol ratio of 1:4 determined by GCMS. The independent variables analyzed for extraction parameters were temperature (30-600C), extraction time (4-6hr), and molarity of sodium hydroxide (1-3M), and their optimum conditions analyzed by design expert, Response Surface methods, Central Composite design. Quality analysis was carried out by GCMS whereas quantity was analyzed by GCMS and UV/visible Spectrophotometer.
The maximum yield and nicotine content obtained at the optimum condition of parameters were 17.749 and 3.258 % of the weight of tobacco filler. The emulsification process was carried out by mixing 10g nicotine-containing extracts (54. 4629 g) with 13.616 gram of the mixture of palm oil and surfactants prepared by 1:4 ratio of palm oil to surfactant at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The physicochemical characteristic of the emulsified concentrated such as density, viscosity, pH, flash point, and surface tension were analyzed and their value was recorded as 1.0122 ± 0.0103 g/ml, 585.33 ± 2.52 mPas, 9.37 ± 0.03, 87.96 0C, and 34.10mN/m respectively. The best efficiency of the emulsified concentrated extract tested on the cabbage aphid was observed at the ratio of 1:100 (the emulsified concentrated to solvent).
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Keywords
Cigarette Butt, Nicotine, Emulsification, Surfactant, GC-MS, UV/Vis, RSM