Assessment of the Performance of Dry Ports in Ethiopia Using Scor Method
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Date
2016-05
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
The Ethiopian government drafted a logistics strategy, and implemented what is called multi modal transportation system (de facto an intermodal system), were as nearly all shipments had to be processed under Ethiopian Shipping & Logistics Services Enterprise, which is a government owned shipping company (ESLSE profile,2014).
Dry ports were introduced as a way of accessing the hinterland and also reduce the pressure on the bottle necked, congested and inefficient sea ports (Zhihong J., 2015). Ethiopia, being a landlocked country relies heavily on dry ports efficiency. Hence, this research aims at assessing the performance of two of the major dry ports in the country (Mojo and Kality) using Supply Chain Operation Reference Model (SCOR) and Queue analysis in relation to the intermodal transportation system.
The results showed that there exists a gap between the employees of ESLSE who believes the provided service by their organization is satisfactory on almost all performance parameters and the customers who have a list of complaints. With regards to Reliability, the main problems were delay on delivery of shipments, wrong dry port location and lack of proper tracking means. These problems were due to lack of trucks, proper system automation and coordination. The obvious absence of understanding the value of time at each level of process for customs and dry port clearance, dwell time at Djibouti and dry ports has a major effect on the Responsiveness of the organization. In addition, the unnecessary and lengthy customs clearance at the checkpoints hinders a delay. Agility performance attribute was assessed in regards to the service at peak season and during accidents at which Mojo dry port has less flexibility than Kality dry port to unforeseen scenarios and increase in demand. Moreover, ESLSE has paid a demurrage cost of about 340,000 USD for Djibouti port in 2014/2015 and has a higher transportation (Sea and land freight) cost than the private sectors.
The results for queue analysis at entrance gate of Mojo and Kality dry port showed that Utilization factor of 1.1 and 0.7 were obtained respectively. On the other hand, the lead time at customs examination warehouse reveals an extreme variance between the larger and smaller values which confirms that a delay is incurred due to not having a proper work schedule.
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Keywords
intermodal; uni-modal; freight transport; dry port; container; warehouse; customs; Ethiopia