Study of Aflatoxin and Salmonella Contamination in Peanut Butter and Roasted Peanut; The Case of Local and Imported Products from Addis Ababa Market
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Date
2014-11
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
I1flatoxins are secondary metabolites produced by the jimgi Aspergillus jlavlls and A.
parasiticus that grow on a variety of agricultural commodities and other processed products
like peanut buttet: l1j1atoxin B1 (AFBl) is the most toxic of all the ajlatoxins produced by these
fimgi. COn/amination of foodstuff by AFBI is a major food safety concern in developing
countries in the tropics, because of its adverse elfixt on human and animal health. This study
was conducted in order to assess the level of aflatoxin contamination using HPLC method and
detection of salmonella by conventional method in peanut butter collectedji"Oll1 Addis Ababa
supermarkets and other retailers. Analysis of aflatoxin in ready to eat roasted peanut was also
parr o.fthe invesligalion. Study samples were collected ji'DIn all margins of the Addis Ababa
Ihrough dividing the city in to four directions so as to address every sampling point.
Accordingl), forty eight samples of peanut buller and 10 samples of roasted peanut were
randomly collected ji"Oll1 the market, analyzed by duplicate and mean values were reported.
Ol.lt of 48 samples, 45 samples were collectedji-omlocal brands. The results showed that 93%
of local samples o.fpeanut butler had aflatoxins ranged ji-om 3. 92pglkg to 547.85pglkg, with
mean total aflatoxin of 98. 24pg/kg ± 111.18 SD; showing great variation of contamination
among samples. Contamination range of AFBI in peanut buller was 2.65pglkg to 270pglkg
with mean value of 51.94 pglkg ± 65.33 SD. All roasted peanut samples were contaminated
lvith aflatoxin with maximum contamination of 216.48 pg/kg and minimum value was 1.86
pg/kg; having mean value of 58. 78 pglkg ±75.56 SD. The potent AFBI was recorded up
to158.83 pg/kg than other types of ajlatoxins (AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2) in roasted peanut
samples with mean value of 43.86 pglkg ± 61.07 SD. Salmonella was detected in 7% (n=3) of
samples of peanut butta Oil separation was seen in 24% (n =11) of peanut butter samples.
Cumulatively, 81.82% peanut buller and roasted peanut found in Addis Ababa markets were
.fi!1fnd to be unsqfe as per codex maximum permissible limit for ajlatoxin (90 pglkg).
Contamination of pathogens in peanut buller was significant as fltr as human safety is
considered. There is a need for awareness creation at all levels of the peanut value chain,
especially for end consumers, campaigns to raise consumer demand for safe, high-quality
.food.
KEY WORDS: A.flatoxins clean--up, peanut bullet; roasted peanut, Salmonella.
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Keywords
Aflatoxins clean--up, peanut bullet, roasted peanut, Salmonella