Production, Characterization and Optimization of Starch Based Biodegradable Bioplastic from Waste Potato Peel with the Reinforcement of False banana (Ensete ventricosum) Fiber
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Date
2021-09
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Recently, environmental pollution from petroleum-based synthetic plastics become the headache of the world. Their greatest problem is that they are not biodegradable. To combat this serious issue producing biodegradable bioplastics is becoming the best solution ever. In this study, potato peel starch (PPS) based bioplastic film was developed. The proximate composition of potato peel was found to be 8.13, 4.89, 10.13, 0.27, 9.52 and 51.16 % by dry weight basis for moisture, ash, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber and starch content, respectively. PPS contained 18.6, 0.01, 0.53, 0.00 and 27.93 % for moisture, ash, protein, fat and amylose, correspondingly. A bioplastic film was prepared by a method of gelatin casting, in which the effect of 13.33, 23.33 and 33.33 % v/w (HCl or glycerol to PPS ratio) concentration of HCl and glycerol as well as drying temperature (45oC, 55oC and 65oC) was studied. The experiment was designed and optimized by a three-variable, three-level Box–Behnken design using Response Surface Methodology (Design Expert® software version 13.0.1). The ANOVA analysis showed that the model is significant with P<0.0001. The optimum values of the influencing factors were found to be HCl concentration 23.33 %v/w, glycerol 20 %v/w and drying temperature of 48oC. Under optimal conditions a bioplastic film with tensile strength of 6.449MPa, percent elongation at break of 19.87%, biodegradability of 83.92 and water absorption of 59.94 % was synthesized with insignificant difference from model predicted result. A bioplastic film reinforced with 6% w/w False banana fiber has shown remarkably enhanced maximum tensile strength recorded to be 8.878MPa. Furthermore, analysis of FTIR, XRD and surface morphology were conducted. The produced bioplastic film had sufficient physicochemical properties confirming the usage of waste potato peel as a source of starch for the synthesis of biodegradable bioplastics that can substitute conventional plastics.
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Keywords
Potato peel, Starch-based, bioplastic, biodegradable, False banana fiber