Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression symptoms among patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Multicenter Study
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Date
2024-03
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Background: Global evidences have observed that individuals with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
(IBD) are at a heightened risk of experiencing psychiatric disorders, which often coincide with a
decrease in their quality of life
Objective: To assess the prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms and associated factors
among patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital and
Adera Medical Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from June to September, 2023
Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted at Tikur Anbesa Specialized
Hospital and Adera Medical Center. Simple random sampling was used to select 118 patients. The
categorical variables in the study were presented using frequency and percentage, and compared
between groups using the chi-square test. The normal distribution of the continuous variables was
assessed using Shapiro-ilk test. The mean and standard deviation was calculated for normality
distributed data while median and interquartile range calculated for skewed data. A univariate and
multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the factors associated
with Depression and Anxiety symptoms in IBD patients. The results of logistic regression were
reported as adjusted odds rations (OR) with 95% confidence intervals and p-value < 0.05
considered statistically significant.
Results: An analysis of 118 patients was conducted, revealing a median age of 33 years with an
interquartile range of 12.5 years. Among the participants, 67.8% were female, and 53.4% were
employed. The study revealed a 5.1% prevalence of anxiety symptoms and 7.1% prevalence of
depressive symptoms among individuals with IBD. After adjusting for multiple variables in the
multivariate analysis, it was found that moderate disease activity (AOR=16.1(1.7,156.7), p=0.015)
and severe disease activity (AOR=49.8(2.1,1144.02), p=0.014) had a statistically significant
association with increased rates of depressive symptoms in IBD patients. However, smokers
(AOR=1.6(0.15,17.22), p=0.053) and those with a disease duration of less than 4 years
(AOR=1.6(0.49, 17.2), p=0.07) also showed a positive association with the development of
significant depressive symptoms, though these associations did not reach statistical significance.
In addition, the study ascertained that moderate disease activity (AOR=9.9, 95% CI: 0.9, 106.2,
p=0.058) had positive association while severe disease activity (AOR=45.3, 95%CI: 2.0, 1018.0,
p=0.016) emerged as a statistically significant associated factor with having anxiety symptoms.
Conclusion: The prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms in this study were generally low,
but can increase due to important factors such as disease activity, smoking, unemployment, a short
duration after diagnosis, and having ulcerative IBD
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Keywords
Anxiety, Depression symptoms, Patients, Inflammatory Bowel Disease