Prevalence of Typhoid Fever and Associated Factors Among Patients Visiting Gura Damole Health Center, Southeast Ethiopia .
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Date
2019-09-09
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Typhoid fever is a febrile illness caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serotype typhi. Objective of the study was to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of typhoid fever among patients visiting Gura Damole Health Center in Southeast Ethiopia. The study was a health facility based descriptive quantitative cross-sectional survey between October 2018 and February 2019. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect socio demographic data and other related factors. Venous blood was collected for the Widal test. Data were coded, entered, checked for completeness, and analyzed using SPSS version-23 statistical software. Binary logistic regression tests were used to identify significantly associated risk factors. A p-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. The prevalence of typhoid fever was found to be 27.8% (n=250). Age, livelihood, houses, water source, drinking water preparation activities, water storage, state of toilet, hand washing practice, uses of soap, travelling and seasonal variation were the only factors that were significantly associated with Widal reactivity after adjustment for possible confounders. Locality-specific typhoid control interventions should be targets to sex and all age groups with more attention to 5-14 years age group category. Sources of water pond (OR=4.667,CI= p=0.0001 ), the absence of water storage facility (OR=2.622, CI: 1.225 – 5.611, p=0.013), livelihood housewife (OR=0.001, 95% CI: 3.062 – 559.879, p=0.001), pastoral (OR= 6.036, CI: 1.794 – 20.309, p=0.004), student (OR=3.115, 95% CI: 1.012- 9.582 and p=0.004) houses ; Temporary houses(OR= 2.915, 95% CI: 1.386 - 6.132, p=0.005) personal hygienic practice like hand wash (OR= 2.694, 95% CI: 1.402 – 5.175, p= 0.003) and soap use (OR=3.511, CI: 1.180-10.449, p=0.024) are implicated as typhoid fever risk factors. The findings are believed to contribute towards improving typhoid fever control efforts in the area.
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Keywords
Typhoid Fever, Prevalence, Gura Damole, Widal Test