Bacteriological quality and antimicrobial resistance patterns of isolates from raw milk at selected dairy farms in Ethiopia.
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Date
2023-07
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Background: Food-borne illness affects up to 30% of the population in developing countries each
year, with great impact on public health, and the economy. Milk-borne infections cause acute, and
severe disease. However, in developing countries there is limited information regarding bacterio-
logical status of raw milk. This study aimed to assess the bacteriological quality and antimicrobial
resistance patterns of isolates from raw milk.
Objective: To evaluate the bacteriological quality and antimicrobial resistance patterns of isolates
from raw milk at different dairy farms found in Ethiopia.
Methods: A cross-sectional study design was conducted from August 2022–April 2023.A total of
176 raw milks samples were selected using multi-stage sampling technique. Bacteriological tests
such as aerobic colony count, total coliform, thermotolerant coliform, Salmonella and Shigella
detection, and Staphylococcus enumerations were evaluated. VITEK-2 compact was used for fur-
ther bacterial identification, while antimicrobial susceptibility test was determined by disc-diffu-
sion techniques. SPSS V.27 was use for data analysis; descriptive statistics were used.
Result: The mean aerobic colony count, total coliform, thermo-tolerant coliform, E. coli, and
Staphylococcus count was,3.2, 2.70, 2.69, 2.9, and 3.1 log10 cfu/ml respectively. E. coli (77%),
Klebsiella spp. (5%), Salmonella spp. (1.4%), S. aureus (13.6%), S. saprophyticus (9.8%) were
also isolated. Gram-negative isolates showed sensitivity for Meropenem (96.8%) and Ciprofloxa-
cin (89.9%) but resistant against Tetracycline (62.2%) and Streptomycin (62.2%). Staphylococcus
isolates showed 95.1 % Sensitivity for Levofloxacin and Gentamycin but 92.6 % of isolates were
resistant against Oxacillin. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase production was detected in 16.6%
of gram-negative isolates, and Methicillin resistance were observed in 30% of S. aureus isolates.
Conclusion: The result demonstrated, the overall bacteriological quality of raw milk is poor which
also contains pathogenic and antibiotic-drug resistant organisms; thus, the need for effective con-
trol measures to improve production, storage, and handling practices is implied.
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Keywords
Raw milk, Dairy farms, Bacteriological quality, AMR.