Production of Epoxy Cottonseed Oil using Carbon Based Sulfonated Acid Catalyst
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Date
2018-06
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
AAU
Abstract
Epoxidation process is a method by which triglyceride (fatty acids) are converted to a threemembered
epoxide (oxirane) ring as the carbon-carbon double bond reacts with active oxygen.
This work is on the production of epoxy oil via epoxidation reaction using sulfonated solid acid
catalyst from cottonseed oil. A sulfonated carbon catalyst was synthesized by carbonization of
bamboo (at 500
o
C temperature and 3hr pyrolysis time) followed by sulfonation (with concentration
of 98% sulfuric acid and for 15hr at 150
o
C) and the performance of this catalyst was tested on the
epoxidation of cottonseed oil. Investigations on the sulfonated carbon catalyst were conducted to
determine the effect of reaction time, reaction temperature, and hydrogen peroxide to oil molar
ratio. The sulfonated solid acid catalysts were characterized using analysis: elemental analysis
(CNHS), bulk density, total acid density, FT-IR, and TGA.
The cottonseed oil was characterized by acid value (3.03 mmol KOH/l), iodine value (81.66 g/100
g of I
2
), GC/MS, FT-IR and including other physical properties (density, specific gravity, and
kinematic viscosity). The epoxidation reaction experiment was performed at reaction temperature
of 45
o
C, 60
o
C and 75
o
C, hydrogen peroxide to the cottonseed oil molar ratio 1:1, 1.75:1 and 2.5:1,
acetic acid to cottonseed oil molar ratio 0.5:1 and reaction time of 2, 4, and 6h and physicochemical
property of epoxidized oil was characterized. The optimal value of oxirane oxygen content was
obtained (3.03%) at 62.4°C reaction temperature, in 4.2h reaction time, and 1.94:1 hydrogen
peroxide to oil molar ratio with desirability of 87%. The relative conversion to oxirane oxygen
content was 61.8% and the rate constant for epoxidation reaction kinetics were 8.025 ∗
10
−2
l
2
mol
−2
. s
−1
and 8.01 ∗ 10 l
2
mol
−3
. s
−1
at 60
o
C for pseudo-first and pseudo-second order
with activation energy of 16.8kJ/mol and 23.2 kJ/mol respectively.
Description
Keywords
Epoxidation reaction, biomass, cottonseed oil, sulfonated solid acid catalyst, oxirane oxygen content, epoxidized oil