Lactic Acid Production from Brewer’s Spent Grain Using Lactobacillus Plantarum

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Date

2018-06

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AAU

Abstract

Lactic acid is widely used in the food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries and has received increased attention for use as a monomer for the production of biodegradable poly (lactic acid). It can be produced by either biotechnological fermentation or chemical synthesis, but the former route has received considerable interest recently, due to environmental concerns and the limited nature of petrochemical feedstocks. The objective of this study was to produce lactic acid from Brewery Spent Grain by using lactobacillus plantarum. The production process was carried out in four main stages, such as pretreatment, hydrolysis, fermentation and recovery of lactic acid. Brewery spent grain was dried using oven at 80ºC temperature for 24 hr. Then for the hydrolysis, Box Behnken Design (BBD) was applied to investigate the effect of temperature (115-130ºC), reaction time (25-35min) and acid concentration (1.5-2M) using Design expert® 7 software. RSM was applied to investigate the interaction effect of the hydrolysis process variables and to find the optimum yield of lactic acid from BSG. After hydrolysis process, reducing sugar content of the hydrolyzate was quantified using quantitative benedict reagent solution. Fermentation of the hydrolyzate was performed using 150mL, Lactobacillus plantarum at 35ºC temperature, pH 5.0 – 5.5 and 200 rpm for 72hrs fermentation time for all samples. After fermentation recovery of lactic acid and purification process was carried out by centrifuging all samples at 5000 rpm for 5 min followed by filtration through 0.2μm paper filter. The concentration of lactic acid was determined by titration of the sample using 4M of sodium hydroxide. Significance of the process variables were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and second order polynomial function was fitted to the experimental results. Thus, the influence of all experimental variables, factors and interaction effects on the response was investigated. Hydrolysis temperature, time, sulfuric acid concentration and interaction between reaction temperature and sulfuric acid concentration have significant effect on the yield of lactic acid. RSM optimization yielded the best yield of total reducing sugar and the maximum yield of lactic acid were obtained at 129.75ºC, 32.39 min and 1.89M. Under these condition 53.07% and 26.71% per 150ml of hydrolysate of total reducing sugar and lactic acid was obtained respectively.

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Keywords

Lactic Acid, Brewer’s Spent Grain, plantarum

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