Production and Optimisation of Carboxymethylcellulose from Waste Cartons
| dc.contributor.advisor | Yimam, Abubeker (PhD) | |
| dc.contributor.author | Hailu, Abebe | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2018-07-11T12:00:47Z | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2023-11-10T14:54:28Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2018-07-11T12:00:47Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2023-11-10T14:54:28Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2016-02 | |
| dc.description.abstract | Lignocellulosic materials (e.g. Waste cartons) can be utilized to produce carboxymethyl cellulose, a water soluble, biodegradable anionic polymer. This study involved production and optimization of carboxymethyl cellulose from waste cartons. The conversion of waste cartons to CMC can be achieved mainly by three process steps: extraction of cellulose from waste cartons, alkalization of the extracted cellulose and etherification of the alkali cellulose into CMC. The central composite experimental design (CCD) method involving response surface methodology was chosen to optimize the alkalization, etherification reaction and to determine the effect of three operating variables: NaOH concentration, amount of monochloroacetic acid and temperature (T). For the response surface methodology involving CCD, a total of 20 experiments were conducted for three factors at two levels with three replicates at center point. An optimization was carried out to optimize the alkalization and etherification reaction parameters so as to determine the best NaOH concentration, sodium monochloroacetic acid dosage, and etherification temperature that resulted optimum degree of substitution (DS) of the CMC. The statistical analysis showed that the degree of substitution of CMC of 0.767 was obtained at optimised alkalization & etherification variables of 13.53%w/w NaOH conc., 0.4 w/w of monochloroacetic acid to cellulose, and 41.62°C etherification temperature. The value of degree of substitution of CMC obtained from experiment at the optimized conditions of sodium hydroxide concentration of 13%, monochloroacetic acid concentration of 0.4w/w and etherification temperature of 41°C was 0.767. It is concluded that the waste cartons can be a good source of cellulose that can be modified by etherification reaction to carboxymethylcellulose with a medium degree of substitution of about 0.767. | en_US |
| dc.description.sponsorship | Addis Ababa University | en_US |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://etd.aau.edu.et/handle/12345678/8048 | |
| dc.language.iso | en | en_US |
| dc.publisher | Addis Ababa University | en_US |
| dc.subject | Process Engineering | en_US |
| dc.title | Production and Optimisation of Carboxymethylcellulose from Waste Cartons | en_US |
| dc.type | Thesis | en_US |