Assessment of Availability of Treatment Resource in Emergency Department for the Management of Acute Toxic Exposures and Poisoning Detection in Selected Governmental hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Date
2017-06
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Background: Poisoning exposures continue to be a significant cause of morbidity and
mortality worldwide. The lack of facilities, treatment resources, and antidotes in hospitals may
affect the treatments provided and outcomes.
Objective: Assessment of availability of treatment resource in emergency department for the
management of acute toxic exposures and poisoning detection in selected governmental
hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Methodology: Hospital based descriptive cross sectional study was applied to assess
availability of treatment resource for the management of acute toxic exposures and poisoning in
selected governmental hospitals from December 2016 to June 2017. Data were collected using
semi-structured questionnaire and the data obtained was analysed using SPSS and the result was
presented using tables Chart and graph.
Result: Over the study period, 920 poisoning cases were listed in the selected hospital
registries. Among them, Organo phosphate poisoning was the most top leading cause of acute
poison (18.8%, 173/920), Followed by Bleach (Sodium hypochlorite) poison (18.6%, 172/920).
In all the hospitals all form of Charcoal and Sodium Sulphate were not available. Four of the five
hospitals have had Orogastric tube and magnesium Sulphate. Only Nasogastric tube out of the
ten decontamination resource had available in all hospitals. None of the studied hospitals have
the stock of all either WHO or Ethiopian essential drug list recommended antidotes and none had
fomepizole, pralidoxime, charcoal, sorbitol, ipecac, polyethylene glycol, deferoxamine
dimercaprol, glucagon, and Protamine sulphate. In surveyed
hospitals peritoneal dialysis was
not available.
Conclusion: For the majority of the surveyed hospitals the resources which are essential for
treatment and management of poisoned patient are not sufficient. Furthermore, the available
resources and the pattern of causes of poisoning show discrepancy.
Recommendation: Based on the pattern of causes of poisoning it is better if the selected anti-
dotes, stabilization, decontamination and elimination resource are available.
Keywords Decontamination _ Elimination enhancement _ Stabilization resources _Availability_ Hospital _ Ethiopia _Poisoning.
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Keywords
Decontamination; Elimination enhancement; Stabilization resources; Availability; Hospital; Ethiopia; Poisoning.