Optimization and Characterization of Essential Oil from Black Pepper (Nigrum) seed and Leave Using Steam Distillation for Cosmetics Application Process
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Date
2018-06
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Abstract
The black pepper (piper nigrum) seed Oils were highly concentrate substances extracted from seed and
leave. The study aims to utilize the seed as a source of oil for cosmetics skin care applications since
piper nigrum seed and leave was cheap and grows abundantly in our country. It is an annual herbaceous
plant. The characteristics of the seed are; the color is black after drying and the particle size for my
experiment was 500,750,1000micro meters. The condition operation to extract of the seed and leave
were 1atm and 30-250minute. The seeds produced colorless clear aromatic essential oil, used in the
production of several licorous cosmetics and of perfumery. The seed were extracted by steam distillation
because it had high conversion efficiency. The steam distillation were carry out under controlled
temperature and pressure. The optimum temperatures of the extraction 105
iii
o
c,127.5
o
c,150
o
c. the yield
of the oil was 4.83% at the optimum conditions and the minimum yield 1.67%.The characteristic of
piper nigrum seed was strong pleasant aroma. These oils were often used for their cosmetics and their
therapeutic or odoriferous properties, in a wide selection of products such as foods and medicines.
Cosmetics oil was one of the most time- and effort consuming processes. Cosmetic composition mainly
includes pigment, fatty acids, oleic acid 22.94%, and hexandoxic acids octandoxic acid 8.61%. The antibacterial
properties
of
the
oils
were
60%
greater
efficient.
The
acid
value
of
the
oil
5.3
by
using
NaOH
titration
with
ethanol
solution.
The
aroma
odor
were
changed
into
good
odor
by
addition of Lemmon
oil. Cosmetic products had homogeneous and stable during the application.
There had wide number of ways to extracted the oil but the quality never remains the same.
Here I used the “Steam Distillation” method for extraction which was the cheapest way for the extraction
of Oils and the efficient from the different parts of the plants. In this process steam was allow to pass
through the extraction chamber which contains plant matter. When steam passes through the seed
material under pressure which often the cells and allows the oil to escape in vapor form. The vapor
allows to pass through condenser and oil was collected in separating tank and store in storage tank. The
analysis of cosmetics oil reveal that parameters, which include specific gravity, FTIR, GC_MS, acid
value, for skin oil process.
Description
Keywords
piper nigrum seed, cosmetics, yield, oleic acid, Steam distillation