Placenta In Preeclamptic and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Mothers: A Macroarchitectural Study at Gandhi and Black Lion Hospitals Addis Abeba ,Ethiopia
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Date
2016-10
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Addis Abeba University
Abstract
Globally, preeclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus are known to have an average prevalence of
6% and 4% respectively. Both clinical conditions are thought to impact on morphophysiology of
placenta. Placenta is a dual sourceorgan that structurally and functionally connects the developing
fetus
to
the
uterine
wall
during
pregnancy.
This
fetomaternal
organallowsuptake
of
nutrients,elimination of wastes and exchange of gases. Pregnancy is usually complicated by
preeclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus, which in turn will alter the macroarchitecture and
functions of the placenta as well as health of the pregnant mothers. Hence, this study was conducted to
assess the macroarchitectural changes of placenta in preeclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus
mothers as compared to uncomplicated mothers who gave birth at Gandhi Memorial and Black Lion
Specialized Hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. It was an observational comparative cross-sectional
studycarried outat Gandhi and Black Lion Hospitals, from June, 2016- August, 2016. A total of 125
fresh placentas from uncomplicated, preeclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus mothers were
implemented. Themacroarchitecture of placenta were examined by inspection and measuring. The data
were analyzed by independent- samples t-test and chi square. Accordingly, the finding shows that the
shapes of placentas were circular in 80% of uncomplicated, 72% of preeclamptic and 76% of
gestational diabetes mellitus, while oval in 14% of uncomplicated, 20% of preeclamptic and 8% of
gestational diabetes mellitus. In addition, it was irregular in 6% of uncomplicated, 8% of preeclamptic
and 16 % of gestational diabetes mellitus. The weight of placenta in uncomplicated, preeclamptic and
gestational diabetes mellitus mothers respectively were 499.4, 456.20 and 583.68 gram. The numbers
of cotyledon were 18.66 in uncomplicated, 17.24 in preeclamptic and 22.56 in gestational diabetes
mellitus mothers. The diameter was19.4, 17.66 and 23.50 centimeter in order of uncomplicated,
preeclamptic andgestational diabetes mellitus mothers. The thicknesses were1.96centimeter
inuncomplicated, 1.72centimeterin preeclamptic and 2.34 centimeterin gestational diabetes mellitus
mothers. According to the present study most of macroarchitecture (diameter, thickness, weight and
number of cotyledon) of placenta were significantly decreased in preeclamptic and increased in
gestational diabetes mellitus mothers
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Keywords
Preeclamptic; Diabetes; Macroarchitectural Study