Challenges to Re-Building Nation- State in Somalia Since 1991
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Date
2013-06
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Since the fall of Siad Barre regime in 1991, Somalia has become disintegrated and divided into
various fighting warlords. Since then, with the disintegrations of state institutions and structures,
the state of Somalia came to an end as functional government. The situations in Somali have
invited different interesting groups with different competing goals. Thus, over the last several
years, many attempts have been made to establish effective central government in Somalia. All
of the efforts were failed from the beginning.
Therefore the main objective of this study is to identify the challenges that worked against to reestablish
effective functioning central government in Somalia. The study also has tried to explore
what types of state building approaches have been conducted and its outcomes.
To accomplish this work, the study is based on qualitative research approach. Therefore, it
relied on the use of secondary sources, which involve books, Journals, published and
unpublished materials, and the internet sources. To consolidate the secondary sources, this study
has used primary sources, interviews with relevant persons.
The main findings of this study are the internal and external challenges which have prevented
state re-building in Somalia. The internal challenges include: legacies of military regime, clan
dynamics, radical Islam, un equal treatment of minorities and availability of weapons whereas
the external challenges are the international and regional actors who have their own competing
interests in Somalia.
The study also recommended possible solutions as alternative approaches to the Somali
problems. Among these recommendations: the bottom up state building approach, disarmament
fighting factions and local people, inclusive peace process, avoiding discrimination are the major
ones
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Keywords
Re-Building Nation