Ethiopia Field Epidemiology Training Program (EFETP) Compiled Body of Works in Field Epidemiology
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Date
2015-05
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Addis Abeba Universty
Abstract
Background: Measles is one of the most infectious human diseases. It caused millions of deaths worldwide, yearly in the pre-vaccination era. During this era more than 90% of the persons were infected at the age of 10 years. In January 2014 suspected measles outbreak was reported from Bugna Woreda. Our objective was to determine the existence of an outbreak, identify the risk factors and to propose containment measures.
Method: We conducted a descriptive and a case control study (unmatched); a case was defined as any person with fever, maculopapular rash, and one of the following: cough, coryza and conjunctivitis. All (73) cases were compared with equal number of neighbor controls. Five specimens were collected and sent to central laboratory. We interviewed the participants, reviewed reports and conducted rapid convenience survey to measure the immunization coverage in the kebele. We ascertained the vaccination status through history and card. We performed univariate and bivariate analysis. We computed odds ratio, attack rates and preventable fraction of vaccination. The chi-square test statistic was used.
Ashenafi,ashunets@gmail.com 14
Compiled Body of Works
Result: From the total 73 cases; 57 (78%) aged greater than five years. Sixty-seven (92%) cases of total 73 were unvaccinated of whom three (4%) of total 67 unvaccinated cases were ineligible 1for routine immunization. Four of five tested specimens were positive for measles IgM. Among 110 children (<5yrs) found during door to door survey, only 73 (66%) had a history of measles vaccination. The administrative coverage was >90%. Having contact with a measles cases (OR=2. 3, 95% CI (1.18-4.48) and those traveled to places where measles cases reported (OR=12. 5, 95%CI (2.7-113.5). Being vaccinated was a protective factor (OR =0. 13; (95%CI (0.036-0.467). The vaccine efficacy was calculated to be 75%.
Conclusion: Unvaccinated people who made contact with measles cases and those who traveled to areas where the measles was reported had a higher risk of contracting the measles. The reported vaccination coverage may be different from the actual. We recommended improving measles vaccination and further immunization surveys.
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Ethiopia Field Epidemiology Training Program (EFETP)