Bacterial Etiology of Bloodstream Infections, Multidrug Resistance and Extended beta Lactamase Producing Isolates among Patients Referred to Arsho Advanced medical Laboratory.
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Date
2021-09
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Addis Abeba University
Abstract
Background: Blood stream infection is one of the most important causes of morbidity and
mortality globally. Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase negative staphylococus, Streptococcus
pneumonia are major Gram- positive bacteria in causing blood stream infection. Escherichia
coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii are major
Gram-negative bacteria in causing blood stream infections. Development of multidrug resistance
in major bacteria has increased the morbidity and mortality rate of blood stream infection.
Objective: To determine bacterial etiology of blood stream infection, the prevalence of
multidrug resistance,XDR, Pan drug resistance and extended spectrum beta lactamase production
of bacterial isolates.Methods:The present study was a laboratory based cross sectional study
conducted at Arsho Advanced Medical Laboratory, Addis Ababa Ethiopia from Dec 2020 to
June 2021.A total 0f 422 blood sample was collected and inoculated onto primary isolation
following standards protocols. Species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of
bacteria were determined by automated Vitek 2 compact system (Bio Merieux,France) by using
AST,GN72 card for gram negatives and AST,GP71 card for gram positive bacteria.
Results: Out of a total 422 samples processed, bacterial pathogens were isolated from 67(16%)
samples. Among the isolates,40(59.7) were gram-negative and 27(40.3) were gram-positive
bacteria. Klebsiella spp and Coagulase negative staphylococci were the dominat isolates. Of
these isolates, 6 (60%) were ESBL positive for K.pneumonae,1(50%) for K.oxytoca and
4(66.7%) for E.coli.
Penicillin(90.2%) was the least effective antibiotic against Gram-positive bacteria while
Ampicillin(87.5%) were the least effective antibiotic against Gram-negative
bacteria.Piperacillin(92.5%) were the most effective antibiotic against Gram-negative and
Tigecycline(91.7%) were the most effective antibiotic against Gram-positive bacteria. Out of 40
isolate of Gram-negative bacteria 21(52.5%) were MDR and from 27 isolates of Gram-positive
bacteria16 (59.3%) were MDR.Conclusion: The magnitude of blood stream bacterial infection
and the prevalence rate of multi-drug resistant bacterial strains causing blood stream infections
were high. These findings were warranted the need for the continuous investigation of bacterial
blood stream infection.
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Keywords
Antimicrobial resistance, Multidrug resistance and Antimicrobial susceptibility.