Bacterial Etiology of Blood Stream Infections, Multidrug Resistance and Extended Beta Lactamase Producing Isolates among Patients Referred to Arsho Advanced medical Laboratory.
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Date
2021-09
Authors
Abera Misgana
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Publisher
Addis Abeba University
Abstract
Background: Blood stream infection is one of the most important causes of morbidity andmortality globally. Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase negative staphylococus, Streptococcuspneumonia are major Gram- positive bacteria in causing blood stream infection. Escherichiacoli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii are majorGram-negative bacteria in causing blood stream infections. Development of multidrug resistancein major bacteria has increased the morbidity and mortality rate of blood stream infection.
Objective: To determine bacterial etiology of blood stream infection, the prevalence ofmultidrug resistance,XDR, Pan drug resistance and extended spectrum beta lactamase productionof bacterial isolates.Methods:The present study was a laboratory based cross sectional studyconducted at Arsho Advanced Medical Laboratory, Addis Ababa Ethiopia from Dec 2020 toJune 2021.A total 0f 422 blood sample was collected and inoculated onto primary isolationfollowing standards protocols. Species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing ofbacteria were determined by automated Vitek 2 compact system (Bio Merieux,France) by usingAST,GN72 card for gram negatives and AST,GP71 card for gram positive bacteria.
Results: Out of a total 422 samples processed, bacterial pathogens were isolated from 67(16%)samples. Among the isolates,40(59.7) were gram-negative and 27(40.3) were gram-positivebacteria. Klebsiella spp and Coagulase negative staphylococci were the dominat isolates. Ofthese isolates, 6 (60%) were ESBL positive for K.pneumonae,1(50%) for K.oxytoca and4(66.7%) for E.coli.Penicillin(90.2%) was the least effective antibiotic against Gram-positive bacteriawhileAmpicillin(87.5%) were the least effective antibiotic against Gram-negativebacteria.Piperacillin(92.5%) were the most effective antibiotic against Gram-negative andTigecycline(91.7%) were the most effective antibiotic against Gram-positive bacteria. Out of 40isolate of Gram-negative bacteria 21(52.5%) were MDR and from 27 isolates of Gram-positivebacteria16 (59.3%) were MDR.Conclusion: The magnitude of blood stream bacterial infectionand the prevalence rate of multi-drug resistant bacterial strains causing blood stream infectionswere high. These findings were warranted the need for the continuous investigation of bacterialblood stream infection.
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Keywords
Antimicrobial resistance, Multidrug resistance and Antimicrobial susceptibility.