Assessment of Survival and Reproductive Performance of Glossina Pallidipes Maintained Under Blood of Different Animals at Kality Tsetse Rearing and Irradiation Center
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Date
2012-06
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Addis Ababauniversity
Abstract
Survival of fertile female tsetse flies and their fecundity, the emergence rate of pupae they produce and the survival of sterile males are important for the success of SIT. In the present study the highest survival rate, mean percentage of surviving flies, and fecundity was found in flies fed on bovine and ovine blood diets. However, the emergency rate of pupae produced from these blood diets had lower than pupae produced on mixed blood diets. Moreover, the least survival rate was found in both flies maintained on porcine and mixed blood diets, the least being in mixed blood diets. The survival rate of flies maintained under caprine blood diets was slightly higher than flies maintained under porcine and mixed blood diets, however, the mean percentage of survived number of flies in this blood diets were the least of all blood diets. The fecundity of flies maintained under bovine blood expressed as pupae per initial female (PPIF) was 3.31 and 2.77 for ovine blood diets. However, the values in the rest blood groups were below the required standard for self sustaining tsetse mass rearing. In the other hand, during the production weeks, the fecundity of female G. pallidipes as expressed in pupae per female per 10 days (P/F/10 days) was near to the minimum average fecundity required for maintenance of a given colony in flies fed on bovine and ovine blood diets. The highest percentage of pupal quality class (class E) was recorded on ovine. However, the least was recorded in flies fed on bovine blood diets next to caprine. Extremely low mean percentage of survival, fecundity, poor pupal quality and low emergency rate recorded in flies fed on caprine blood diet. Furthermore, irradiation of adult males of G. pallidipes at 120 Gy gamma radiations resulted in significantly reduction of their average life span compared with non-irradiated males. Lastly, the overall emergency rate of G. pallidipes of the Arbaminch origin of the Center was found to be 88% and the female to male ratio was almost 1:1. Therefore, the overall performances of female G. pallidipes maintained under ovine blood diets were found to be almost the same or better than bovine blood. Hence, Kality tsetse rearing and irradiation center may use this blood as alternative to bovine blood. Furthermore, during releasing of sterile males as SIT component, their short survival time should be considered.
Key words: G. pallidipes, Fecundity, Survival, Emergency rate, Blood diets, Kality Tsetse Rearing and Irradiation Center, SIT, Ethiopia
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Keywords
pallidipes, Fecundity, Survival, Emergency rate, Blood diets, Kality Tsetse Rearing and Irradiation, Center SIT Ethiopia