Improving Efficiency of Vegetable Tannin from Wattle Bark and Its Comparison with Different Conventional Extraction Methods
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Date
2021-11
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Conventional extraction processes affect our environment and consume a huge amount of solvent and these problems have stimulated considerable interest in the development of environmentally friendly extraction methods, which are prepared by enzyme and microwave pre-treatment methods. The objective of this research is to improve the extraction efficiency of vegetable tannin and compare it to other extraction methods. Extraction pre-treated with Microwave pre-treated was found to be easier and time effective than other extraction. But the percent yield relative to enzyme pre-treated extraction methods is small. The extraction of wattle bark was also performed by enzyme pre-treatment at 48°C for 60 minutes using 2% of concentration. Enzyme pre-treatment extraction method is best method among all the extraction methods which been 64.585 % yield obtained which is (30.52%) much higher than the conventional extraction methods. The enzyme pre-treated wattle powder was characterized using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and a spectrophotometer. DLS determined the average particle size to be 167.0 nm, with a poly disparity index of 0.0369. Color the extract was measured using a Minolta CR400 Chroma meter. The spectrophotometer result shows that a higher breakdown of the desired product and increased extraction efficiency that the total phenolic contents in 2% of the enzyme were the highest (78.1669) mg GAE/g dry extract. The total phenolic content of the control was 55.6286, which was much lower than the enzymatic pre-treatment method. The tannins were applied to leather after characterizing the tannin extract. it is observed that the strength characteristics like tensile strength, % of elongation at break, tear load (double edge tear), ball burst (distention at a crack and burst, and load at burst) of the crust leather produced by wattle powder as re-tanning material is found to be good when compared to the conventional re-tanning process. Finally, study organoleptic properties in comparison to locally used commercial tannins were studied and a good result was achieved.
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Keywords
Microwave, conventional, extraction, TPC, Enzyme, DLS, Tear, organoleptic, chroma