Epidemiology of Bovine Tuberculosis in East Wollega Zone, Western Ethiopia
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Date
2010-06-01
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
A cross-sectional study was conducted at Nekemte Abattoir and Horro-Guduru Cattle Breeding
and Improvement Centre (HGCBIC) from September 2009 to May 2010 to estimate the
prevalence of bovine tuberculosis (BTB), and characterize its causative agents using post mortem
examination, comparative interadermal tuberculin (CIDT) test, bacteriological culturing, Zeihl
Neelsen staining, multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and region of difference-4 (RD4)
deletion typing. To accomplish these objectives, 1,186 cattle were recruited into the study from
Nekemete Abattoir and 500 cattle from HGCBIC. The prevalence of BTB was 5.9% (701186) at
Nekemete Abattoir on the basis of gross lesion while it was 1.8% (9/500) at HGCBIC using
ClDT test. There was no significant difference (X2=4. 75; P=0.079) in prevalence of BTB between
Horro-Jersy cross breed and zebu (Horro) breed at HGCBIC. At Nekemete Abattoir, 70% of the
gross lesion was detected in the thoracic cavity while 25% of the lesion was found in the
abdominal cavity. Only 31.4% (22/70) of the suspicious lesions yielded colonies of which 19
were acid-fast positive. Further identification of these 19 isolates using multiplex PCR revealed
that 17 isolates belong to the Genus Mycobacterium while the remaining two isolates did not
show signal to the Genus. Of the 17 isolates that showed signal to the Genus Mycobacterium, 7
were members of Mycobacterium tuberclosis (M. tuberclosis) complex while the remaining 10
isolates were members of the non-M. tuberculosis complex. Further identification and
characterization of the M.tuberclosis complex members using RD4 deletion typing identified
four isolates with intact RD4 which could be either M. tuberculosis or M. africanum and three
isolates with deleted RD4 thus confirmed to be M. bovis. In conclusion, TB lesions were caused
by both the members of M. tuberculosis complex and the non-M. tuberclosis complex
Mycohacteria. Hence, as the majority of the isolates were the non-M. tuberculosis complex
members, the pathogenecity of these members in cattle needs further study
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Keywords
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, pathology, tuberculin test, prevalence, risk factors, Cattle, East Wollega, Ethiopia