Development of a Planning Strategy for Sustainable Water Systems Using the Life Cycle Assessment a Case of Ethiopian Emerging Town
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Date
2017
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Purpose: the objective of this paper is to develop a planning strategy of emerging towns water supply system based on the sustainability assessment tool called Life cycle assessment (LCA). The analysis applied to one of the Ethiopian small town called Fitche Methods: the method utilized in this paper is fragmented life cycle assessment for each component of the water supply systems based on well-known EPD (Environmental Product declaration), simplified CMLCA tool and, excel tools. Result and discussion: after complete assessment of the small-town water supply system, the borehole water abstraction has more impact (45-50%) on the system than the stream water utilization, Using hydroelectric is much better (85-95%) than using the diesel pumps, Less mineral content of the borehole water treatment has less impact (5-10%) than treatment of the spring water, The water supply infrastructure developed at the very initial stage of design affects the environment, Pit latrine coverage of the town is significantly high, so it increases of the borehole water contamination level directly related with it,The absence of liquid waste disposal system is the main risk of the spring water contamination. . Conclusion: in respect of the planning strategy; the results obtained from the LCA, which is basically from the most defined and relevant impact categories, known as GWP-CC (global warming potential and the climate change), nonrenewable energy source, and water consumption are good indicators of an emerging town water supply system impact. Therefore, it is essential to formulate the planning strategy of the water supply system of an emerging town based on carbon foot print and water foot print
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Keywords
emerging town, life cycle assessment water supply system, planning strategy