Activation of Peanut Shell Using Phosphoric Acid for The Bleaching Process of Niger Seed Oil
| dc.contributor.advisor | Kumsa, D | |
| dc.contributor.author | Shikur, Wudu | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2019-11-14T07:20:32Z | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2023-11-10T14:58:16Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2019-11-14T07:20:32Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2023-11-10T14:58:16Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2019-06 | |
| dc.description.abstract | In this study, a two-stage process was conducted. The first stage was carrying out for the activation process of Peanut shell powder at different temperatures and concentrations to select the optimum parameters. The second stage was bleaching of Niger seed oil using the chosen activated peanut shell powder adsorbent. The peanut shell collected from Sululta, Ethiopia was activated by phosphoric acid, and further bleaching experiments were conducted to assess the activated powders effect on the bleaching capacity of Niger seed oil. The Two key parameters of the acid activation process were acid concentration and activation temperature. The highest bleaching capacity was obtained around 3M acid concentration and at 350 o C of activation temperature as optimal activation. The PSP and PAAPSP at optimal condition were characterized by XRD, FTIR and SEM with EDS. The results of the XRD showed that the PSP is composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin polysaccharide. The XRD analysis of PAAPSP illustrated the presence of crystalline carbonaceous structure and different alumino silicate minerals. X-ray and FTIR data confirmed that acid activation degrades cellulose. The results of the analysis by Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) showed that, presence of carbon, oxygen, silica, alumina and phosphorous. Full factorial Box Behnken design (BBD) experimental design was employed to correlate the bleaching parameters (temperature, time and dosage of PAAPSP) to the percentage color reduction for Niger seed. The result showed that the optimum condition for the bleaching process was a temperature of 110 o C, a period of 20 minutes and 3% PAAPSP dosage which resulted in 88.02% bleaching performance of the Niger seed oil. The experimental result was in agreement with the model prediction. Generally, the study has shown that the phosphoric acid activated peanut shell powder is a good adsorbent for the bleaching of the Niger seed oil. This research has further established that acid activated peanut shell powder has the capacity to remove not only pigments but also reduce the free fatty acid and peroxide value of unbleached oil. | en_US |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://etd.aau.edu.et/handle/12345678/20118 | |
| dc.language.iso | en_US | en_US |
| dc.publisher | Addis Ababa University | en_US |
| dc.subject | Acid activation | en_US |
| dc.subject | Bleaching | en_US |
| dc.subject | Characterization | en_US |
| dc.subject | Niger seed oil | en_US |
| dc.subject | Peanut shell | en_US |
| dc.title | Activation of Peanut Shell Using Phosphoric Acid for The Bleaching Process of Niger Seed Oil | en_US |
| dc.type | Thesis | en_US |