Microbial Profile, Drug Susceptibility Pattern and Associated Risk factor of Urinary Tract Infection in Intensive Care Unit Patients at Public Hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Date
2021-10
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Addis Abeba University
Abstract
Background; Healthcare-associated urinary tract infections are one of the most common
complications in hospitalized patients particularly in intensive care unit patients. Both bacteria
and yeast, are implicated as the etiological agents of urinary tract infections.
Objective: To determine the spectrum of the etiology (bacterial and yeast), risk factors, and
antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of urinary tract infections patients admitted in intensive care
unit in public Hospitals at Addis Ababa Ethiopia.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2020 to December 2020 in
Addis Ababa public Hospitals’ intensive care unit patients. By using convenient sampling
method a total of 220 patients included. To assess Socio-demographic status and associated risk
factors of participant we used a structured questionnaire. Urine specimens were collected from
study participant, sent to Ethiopian public health institution for microbiological investigation and
antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The data was analyzed by SPSS software version 23.
Results: Out of 220 urine samples 113 (51.4%) were culture positive of which 20.9% was
bacteriuria while 19.1% was candiduria and 11.4% by mixed culture. The most common
organism isolated was Candida albicans 29 (21.01%) followed by Enterococcus spp and
Candida krusei 18 (13.1%) for each. Ampicillin, Ceftriaxone, and Cefotaxime highly resisted by
most Gram-negative bacteria. Amikacin, Meropenem and, Imipenem were the most active drugs
against Gram-negative bacteria. Penicillin is resisted by Gram-positive bacteria whereas
Nitrofurantin best drug of choice for Gram-positive bacteria. Number of admission days in
Intensive Care Unit, diabetes millets and Injury found to be risk factors for urinary tract
infection. Female sex, and antibiotic use also a predisposing factor for urinary tract infection
caused by yeast.
Conclusion and Recommendation: The overall prevalence of bacteriuria/ candiduria was
51.4% with high drug resistance of bacterial isolate. This implies that, UTI is a significant
problem in different public Hospitals’ intensive care unit patients in Addis Ababa. Thus,
Hospitals may need revise their infection prevention practices to prevent the transmission of
resistant bacteria in Intensive Care Unit.
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Keywords
Intensive Care Unit, Urinary Tract Infection, Bacteria, Yeast, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia