Prevalence of Streptococcus Agalactaie (GBS) In Pregnant Women and its effect on Outcome of Neonates at Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa,Ethiopia
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Date
2021-06
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Addis Abeba University
Abstract
Background: Group B streptococcus (GBS) is gram-positive coccus which is a normal flora ofthe intestines, vagina or rectum and around 25% of healthy women carry this bacteria withoutshowing any symptom. Bacteraemia, endometritis, amnionitis and urinary tract infection aremajor cause of bacterial infections caused by GBS in pregnant women in perinatal time, and inneonates it causes sepsis and meningitis. New born get infected through intra-amniotic route orat time of delivery.
Objective: To determine GBS prevalence in pregnant women and outcome of neonates inZewditu Memorial Hospital Addis Ababa
Methods: A cross-sectional study design conducted at Zewditu hospital in city of Addis Ababa,Ethiopia from January 2019 to June 2019. A total of 192 pregnant women participated onisolation of group B S.agalactiae. For GBS isolation from vaginal swabs and antimicrobialsusceptibility pattern standard operating procedures were followed. Culture, gram stain, catalasereaction and CAMP test, and testing for their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents wereperformed. All collected data was organized and tabulated using SPSS version 20, MultipleLogistic regression analysis was used to see the association between variables finally the resultswas summarized by using tables.
Results: The age was between 18 to 38 years with a mean of 28.34 ± 3.66 years. From 192pregnant mothers 30(15.6%) were GBS culture positive. The highest participation 161(83.9%)recorded between the ages of 25-35 years. From all participants the highest 70(36.4%) werehouse wives. GBS colonization showed a statistically significant association with primary levelof maternal education and newborn birth weight. High susceptible of GBS isolate was seen topenicillin G & chloramphenicol (93.3%) for each, ampicillin, and ceftriaxone (90%) each,following vancomycin (80%) and erythromycin (70%). Relatively, GBS showed high resistance to tetracycline (86.7 %), ciprofloxacin (46.7 %) and clindamycin (33.3%). In this study the babies born to women with GBS colonization had statically significant association with clinicalsepsis and low birth weight.
Conclusion: In this study, the overall prevalence of GBS colonization was 15.6%. Primaryeducational level and low birth weight was statistically significant with GBS colonization. Thisstudy used to give attention during management of pregnant women by making GBS culture as one of routine diagnosis during ANC follow up and to prevent newborn infection by early detection.
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Group B streptococcus, prevalence, pregnant women, Ethiopia