Assessment Of Prevalence And Associated Factors Of Post Operative Acute Kidney Injury In Patients Who Underwent Open Heart Surgery In Addis Ababa, Ethiopia(2021 2024): A multicenter retrospective cross sectional study
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Date
2025-06
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) represents a significant complication following cardiac surgery, associated with increased morbidity and mortality rates adversely affecting patient outcomes. It is crucial to monitor the incidence of cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI). However, no prior study has been made in the context of the present study setting.
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury among adult cardiac surgery patients and its associated factors in cardiac surgery centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted among 282 patients on systematic random sampling technique, focusing on both pediatric and adult patients who underwent open-heart surgery. Examining factors such as preoperative renal function, duration of cardiopulmonary bypass, intraoperative management, and postoperative renal function. The data was input into Epi data 4.7 and then transferred to STATA 17 for analysis. Associations between the outcome variable and independent variables were evaluated using a chi-square test. Variables showing significance in univariate analysis were analyzed in a multivariable model to assess the strength of associations and identify statistically significant factors. P value ≤ 0.05 of the statistical significance was used. The study took 5 months from January up to May was the study period.
Result: Four of the variables were significant patients with DM have 3.44 times higher risk of developing AKI (AOR = 3.44, 95% CI; 1.43-9.09), age has a significant association with AKI, patients in over 60 years age group had 2.55 times higher risk odds of developing AKI (AOR = 2.55, 95% CI: 1.37-4.77), patients with ischemia periods greater than 90 minutes had 2.15 times the chance of having AKI (OR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.10-4.22), Patients undergoing repeat operations had 4.20 times higher adjusted odds of developing AKI (AOR = 4.20, 95% CI: 1.25-14.10) compared to those having their first cardiac surgical procedure.
Conclusion: The study revealed that a considerable number of DM, older age, longer aortic cross clamp time, redo surgery has significant association with AKI.
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Keywords
Acute kidney injury, cardiopulmonary bypass, open heart surgery, CABG surgery