Hematological and Clinical Profile of BCR-ABL Confirmed Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients at Presentation in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Date
2023-12
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Background: Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is a risk of morbidity and death across the world
particularly in low-income countries, due to late detection, poor adherence and its impact on youth
population. However, there is scarcity of evidence in hematological and clinical profile in newly
confirmed CML patients in Ethiopia. Thus, we aimed to investigate the hematological and clinical
profile of BCR-ABL confirmed Chronic Myeloid Leukemia patients during presentation at Tikur
Anbesa Specialized Hospital.
Objective: To determine the Hematological and clinical profile of BCR-ABL confirmed Chronic
Myeloid Leukemia patients during presentation at Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital.
Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted to address hematological and
Clinical Profile among new BCR-ABL confirmed patients at Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital
(TASH) from August 2021 to December 2022. Convenient sampling technique was used and 256
patients were included. Structured questionnaire was used to collect the patients’ socio-
demographic, medical history and physical examination. About 5ml of blood sample was collected
for hematological profile test. The laboratory analysis was conducted by using Unicel DxH800
analyzer at TASH. Data was entered to Microsoft excel database and analyzed by statistical
software for social science version 26. Descriptive statistics was used to explain socio-
demographic, Hematological and clinical profile of study participants. A P-value of <0.05 were
considered as statistically significant.
Result: A total of 256 patients diagnosed with CML were identified. The majority (59.8 %) were
male and the median age was 36 years. The distribution of CML phase among the participants was,
217 (84.78%) were in chronic phase, 31 (12.1 %) were in accelerated phase and 8 (3.1 %) patients
were in Blast Crisis. Among the participants who were naïve to the Pre-chemo treatments, the
median and IQR values for WBC, RBC, HGB and PLT counts were 262.7(190.5-352.1) x103/μL,
3.0(2.6-3.6) x106/μL, 8.8(7.9-10.1) g/dl and 320(209.5-449.8) x103/μL, respectively. All patients
exhibited Leukocytosis, with about 93.3% of them experiencing hyperleukocytosis. Additionally,
among the study participants, 91.8% of patients developed anemia, with 138 (53.9%) experiencing
moderate anemia and 19 (7.4%) encountering severe anemia. Furthermore, about 75 (29.3%)
patients had thrombocytosis, while 34 (13.3%) had thrombocytopenia. The most common sign and
symptoms developed were Fatigue, abdominal pain, splenomegaly, and weight loss.
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Conclusion: This study revealed a significant prevalence of hyperleukocytosis and anemia among
CML patients during their initial presentation. Fatigue, abdominal pain, splenomegaly, and weight
loss emerged as the most commonly observed signs and symptoms in CML patients.
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Keywords
BCR-ABL newly confirmed chronic myeloid leukemia, hematological profile, Clinical Profile, TASH