The Prevalence and Risk Factors of Delirium in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of Tikur Anbesa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2023
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Date
2024-03
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Background: Delirium has been identified as a prevalent issue among hospitalized patients,
particularly in the ICU setting. Despite its detrimental effects on patient outcomes, delirium often
goes unnoticed and untreated. Emergence delirium, in particular, has emerged as a significant
concern, necessitating consistent monitoring and documentation in pediatric patients.
Objective: The aim of this study is to ascertain the prevalence of delirium in the Pediatric
Intensive Care Unit and assess associated risk factors.
Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study enrolled 86 children (aged 6 months to 14
years) admitted to TASH PICU between July and December 2023. Using Google Forms, data on
demographics, comorbidities, medications, and delirium assessments PCAM-M and PsCAM-
ICU) were collected. Simple random sampling included patients meeting specific criteria,
excluding comatose individuals and those with RASS scores below -3. Descriptive statistics and
logistic regression identified factors associated with delirium.
Results: The study included 86 patients of which, most patients were aged 6 months to 5 years
(55.8%), with a higher proportion being male (65.5%). Clinical characteristics revealed low rates
of comorbidities, with infections observed in 57% of cases. The prevalence of delirium among
patients was 31.4%. Multivariable analysis identified infection, increased intracranial pressure
(ICP), acute mental status changes, and occurrence of three or more errors as significantly
associated with delirium.
Conclusion: The study at Tikur Anbessa Hospital's PICU reveals a 31.4% prevalence of
delirium among pediatric patients, stressing the need for early recognition and intervention.
Factors like infection, increased ICP, and mental status deviations significantly predict delirium,
emphasizing comprehensive management strategies to mitigate its impact on patient outcomes.
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Keywords
Delirium, Pediatric Intensive Care Unit